ABSTRACT Scholarship on race in Latin America has overwhelmingly characterized racial mixture as a unique feature of the political and social landscape there. Studies of eugenics in Latin America especially highlight the relative pragmatism regarding race mixing in contrast to eugenics elsewhere. However, an acceptance of race mixing did not preclude the persistence of racial hierarchy among Latin American racial theorists. Examining the development of eugenics in Chile, this article reveals how notions of racial plasticity existed alongside that of racial superiority. Specifically, it contends that Chilean racial exceptionalism in the early twentieth century was predicated on the idea that some types of racial mixture were better than others. Conveniently for Chileans, their mostly indigenous and European ancestry was one such preferred combination. Yet, racial mixing was only desirable insofar as it resulted in a homogeneous national population. This combination of ideas functioned much like white supremacy in other parts of the world. Using historical texts, popular and medical periodicals, and visual images produced between 1900 and 1950, this paper will demonstrate how race science in Chile reconciled the nation’s history of racial mixture with its claims to racial homogeneity and superiority relative to the rest of Latin America.

中文翻译：

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智利的例外：种族同质性、混血和优生民族主义

摘要 拉丁美洲种族问题奖学金绝大多数将种族混合描述为那里政治和社会景观的独特特征。与其他地方的优生学相比，拉丁美洲的优生学研究尤其突出了关于种族混合的相对实用主义。然而，接受种族混合并不排除拉丁美洲种族理论家中种族等级制度的持续存在。本文考察了智利优生学的发展，揭示了种族可塑性的概念是如何与种族优越性的概念同时存在的。具体而言，它认为 20 世纪早期的智利种族例外论是基于某些类型的种族混合比其他类型更好的想法。对智利人来说很方便，他们主要的土著和欧洲血统就是这样一种首选组合。然而，只有在导致民族人口同质化的情况下，种族混合才是可取的。这种想法的组合在世界其他地方的作用很像白人至上。本文将使用历史文本、流行和医学期刊以及 1900 年至 1950 年间制作的视觉图像，展示智利的种族科学如何协调该国的种族混合历史与其相对于拉丁美洲其他地区的种族同质性和优越性的主张。