ABSTRACT This article analyses the reactions that foreign credit provoked in the Spanish political culture of the early nineteenth century. The international indebtedness derived from the acute need of resources of the Spanish treasury in the context of a very weak position of the country in the international order. Resistances to credit fluctuated between the public denounce of the subordination of Spain to foreign powers and the new morality that this new financial device was accused of creating.

中文翻译：

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新奇、自私和独立：面对外国信用的西班牙政治文化（1833-1845）

摘要 本文分析了外国信贷在 19 世纪初西班牙政治文化中引起的反应。在该国在国际秩序中的地位非常薄弱的​​情况下，国际债务源于西班牙财政部对资源的迫切需求。对信贷的抵制在公开谴责西班牙从属于外国列强和这种新的金融设备被指责创造的新道德之间波动。