Abstract Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults comprise a unique and growing subset of the aging population. The historical context in which they came of age was imbued with victimization and discrimination. These experiences are subjectively stressful and collectively known as minority stress. Older LGBT adults continue to face stressors related to their gender and sexual identities in their daily lives. Importantly, chronic minority stress (CMS), like other forms of chronic stress, is harmful to health and well-being. CMS contributes to LGBT health disparities, including cardiovascular disease and depression, conditions that in turn increase risk for premature cognitive decline. Furthermore, long-term exposure to stress hormones is associated with accelerated brain aging. Yet, the cognitive functioning of LGBT elders and the influence of CMS on their cognition are all but unexplored. In this review, we examine the influences of CMS in LGBT elders and connect those influences to existing research on stress and cognitive aging. We propose a testable model describing how CMS in LGBT elders heightens risk for premature cognitive aging and how ameliorating factors may help protect from CMS risk. Research is desperately needed to calibrate this model toward improving LGBT quality of life and mental health practices.

中文翻译：

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少数族裔压力作为女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别 (LGBT) 老年人认知能力下降的危险因素的综述

摘要 女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别 (LGBT) 老年人构成了老龄化人口中独特且不断增长的子集。他们成长的历史背景充满了受害和歧视。这些经历在主观上是有压力的，统称为少数压力。年长的 LGBT 成年人在日常生活中继续面临与其性别和性身份相关的压力源。重要的是，与其他形式的慢性压力一样，慢性少数压力 (CMS) 对健康和福祉有害。CMS 会导致 LGBT 健康差异，包括心血管疾病和抑郁症，这些疾病反过来会增加认知能力过早衰退的风险。此外，长期暴露于压力荷尔蒙与加速大脑老化有关。然而，LGBT 长者的认知功能以及 CMS 对其认知的影响几乎没有被探索过。在这篇综述中，我们研究了 CMS 对 LGBT 老年人的影响，并将这些影响与现有的压力和认知老化研究联系起来。我们提出了一个可测试的模型，描述 LGBT 老年人的 CMS 如何提高认知过早老化的风险，以及改善因素如何有助于防止 CMS 风险。迫切需要研究来校准这种模式，以改善 LGBT 的生活质量和心理健康实践。我们提出了一个可测试的模型，描述 LGBT 老年人的 CMS 如何提高认知过早老化的风险，以及改善因素如何有助于防止 CMS 风险。迫切需要研究来校准这种模式，以改善 LGBT 的生活质量和心理健康实践。我们提出了一个可测试的模型，描述 LGBT 老年人的 CMS 如何提高认知过早老化的风险，以及改善因素如何有助于防止 CMS 风险。迫切需要研究来校准这种模式，以改善 LGBT 的生活质量和心理健康实践。