ABSTRACT Since the early twentieth century the celebration of the 12 October, the anniversary of Columbus’ first landing, has served as a reminder of the importance of Spain’s links with the Americas as a part of Spanish national identity. Nostalgia for empire and the resulting image of international importance, enriched with diverse narratives, have helped build a myth of a Spanish identity with universal ambitions, one useful for political regeneration, social cohesion, and diplomacy. This article analyzes the versatility of this symbol under the Franco dictatorship in the post-Civil War years, centering upon its public presentations in 1940 and 1947. Open to contradictory interpretations, these celebrations reflected the different Falangist and National-Catholic political cultures, and the distribution of areas of power. We will examine their contexts, their international impact, their representation in public space, the actors involved, and the exhibitions that complemented public rituals in Madrid and, given the event’s transnational significance, in Buenos Aires. We will also indicate the ways in which cultural symbols of Spanish nationalism associated with the day, such as the Conquest of the Americas or the language of Cervantes, were updated and given new meanings as part of the invention of identity, depending on political circumstance and international objectives.

中文翻译：

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西班牙出场。战后佛朗哥主义下的 10 月 12 日假期的民族主义和国际主义

摘要自 20 世纪初以来，哥伦布首次登陆纪念日 10 月 12 日的庆祝活动提醒人们，西班牙与美洲的联系是西班牙民族认同的一部分。对帝国的怀旧和由此产生的具有国际重要性的形象，丰富了不同的叙述，帮助建立了一个具有普遍抱负的西班牙身份神话，这种身份对政治复兴、社会凝聚力和外交都很有用。本文以 1940 年和 1947 年的公开展示为中心，分析了内战后佛朗哥独裁统治下这个符号的多功能性。这些庆祝活动有不同的解释，反映了不同的长枪党和民族天主教政治文化，以及权力区域的分布。我们将研究它们的背景、它们的国际影响、它们在公共空间中的表现、所涉及的演员以及补充马德里和布宜诺斯艾利斯的公共仪式的展览。我们还将指出与这一天相关的西班牙民族主义文化符号的方式，例如征服美洲或塞万提斯的语言，作为身份发明的一部分，根据政治环境和国际目标。