Abstract

Objective: To critically appraise the literature characterizing unique health needs, barriers to access healthcare services and propose research as well as programmatic priorities for interventions to overcome them.

Method: Using scoping review, we appraised peer-reviewed published studies and gray literature from three databases, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. The literature included a total of 67 articles met the inclusion criteria for a review.

Results: The review highlights that transgender individuals live on the margins of society, facing stigma, discrimination, socio-economic and educational exclusion, violence, and poor health including mental health. Transgender individuals experience difficulties accessing quality healthcare services, whether general health needs or specific to their gender needs. Key barriers to access health services reported were discrimination at healthcare facilities, lack of treatment protocols, low health literacy, and poor healthcare-seeking behaviors among the transgender individuals. Other barriers include: their education, gender-based violence, socio-economic barriers, lack of health insurance, exclusion from social protection schemes, and health systems barriers.

Conclusion: Transgender individuals in India are deprived of right to healthcare. A rights-based approach for programming and research should be prioritized to address barriers to healthcare services.

摘要

目的：严格评估具有独特健康需求，获得医疗服务障碍的文献，并提出研究和计划性优先次序，以克服这些障碍。

方法：使用作用域评价，我们对来自三个数据库PubMed，PsycINFO和Google Scholar的同行评审发表的研究和灰色文献进行了评价。文献共包括67篇符合纳入标准的文章。

结果：审查强调，跨性别者生活在社会边缘，面临污名，歧视，社会经济和教育排斥，暴力以及包括心理健康在内的不良健康。跨性别者在获得优质医疗服务方面遇到困难，无论是一般健康需求还是特定于其性别需求的人。据报道，获得卫生服务的主要障碍是医疗机构的歧视，缺乏治疗方案，健康素养低以及跨性别者中寻求医疗保健的行为较差。其他障碍包括：他们的教育，基于性别的暴力，社会经济障碍，缺乏医疗保险，被排除在社会保护计划之外以及卫生系统障碍。

结论：印度的跨性别者被剥夺了获得医疗保健的权利。应优先考虑基于权利的编程和研究方法，以解决医疗保健服务的障碍。