ABSTRACT Between 1911 and 1914, four major Southern public universities – the University of North Carolina, the University of Virginia, the University of Georgia, and the University of Alabama – conferred honorary degrees upon former students who had abandoned their studies to join the Confederate military. Some 400 Confederate veterans received this tribute a half century after their enlistment, during a critical moment in the development of Lost Cause commemoration, of Southern Progressivism, and of Southern higher education. This essay explores how the decision to honour former Confederates at these four state universities not only reflected the desire to recognize the patriotic sacrifices of aged Confederate veterans, but also helped to solidify a political order based on white supremacy and Progressive social reform.

中文翻译：

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“一群绅士”：邦联退伍军人和南方大学

摘要 在 1911 年至 1914 年间，四所主要的南方公立大学——北卡罗来纳大学、弗吉尼亚大学、佐治亚大学和阿拉巴马大学——授予那些放弃学业加入同盟军的前学生荣誉学位. 大约 400 名邦联退伍军人在入伍半个世纪后，在“失落的事业”纪念活动、南方进步主义和南方高等教育发展的关键时刻收到了这一贡品。本文探讨了在这四所州立大学纪念前邦联的决定如何不仅反映了对老年邦联退伍军人爱国牺牲的认可，而且还有助于巩固基于白人至上和进步社会改革的政治秩序。