We present a study conducted on binary Tube Type and ternary powder-in-tube Nb₃Sn wires manufactured using the artificial pinning centres-internal oxidation method. All the specimens are doped with Zr: oxide nano-particles of this element are responsible for the pinning improvement, both by refining the A-15 grain-size and their own point-pinning contribution. Low-field magnetometry confirms that the hadron-hadron Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) specifications are met by one ternary doped-sample. The differences in microstructure were assessed by scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy to clarify the reasons for the pinning improvement between the two generations. The deviations from the Dew Hughes model are also discussed, underlying some non-linear addition due to competition between the two pinning mechanisms. Finally, we show how the introduction of Ta as a ternary addition influences the A-15 phase by focusing on the radial inhomogeneities, evaluating the distribution and Sn composition gradients. The latter are used to model the currents, enabling us to evaluate the individual weights of the pinning mechanisms and their absolute contributions at the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider and FCC-hh dipoles operational points.

我们对使用人工钉扎中心-内部氧化法制造的二元管型和三元管内粉末Nb ₃ Sn焊丝进行了研究。所有样品均掺有Zr：该元素的氧化物纳米粒子可通过细化A-15晶粒尺寸和自身的点钉扎作用来改善钉扎。低场磁力计证实，一个三元掺杂样品满足强子-强子未来圆形对撞机（FCC-hh）的规格。通过扫描电子显微镜/透射电子显微镜评估微观结构的差异，以阐明两代之间钉扎改进的原因。还讨论了与露休斯模型的偏差，这是由于两种钉扎机制之间的竞争导致的一些非线性加法的基础。最后，我们通过重点研究径向不均匀性，评估碳原子数，说明引入Ta作为三元加成物如何影响A-15相。分布和锡组成梯度。后者用于对电流建模，使我们能够评估高光度-大强子对撞机和FCC-hh偶极子工作点处的钉扎机构的各个权重及其绝对贡献。