Orthodox dentistry has undergone significant changes in recent times with the introduction of various omics and molecular targeted therapies both at the experimental/trial and clinical implementation level. Although, significant milestones have been achieved in the molecular dentistry field in the past decade, there remains a dearth of application of phytopharmacological innovation in personalized and targeted therapies for dental diseases. From time immemorial, plant products have long been an integral aspect of dental practice ranging from chewing sticks/herbal kinds of toothpaste to dental/impression materials. The current era of precision medicine seeks to apply a multipronged molecular and bio-computational approaches to solve fundamental medical problems that have hitherto remained difficult. Remarkable changes in the molecular/omics era, have transformed empirical therapies into personalized/individualized ones. Furthermore, the combinatorial application and the widespread introduction of high-throughput molecular tools such as pharmacogenomics, phytopharmacology, metabolomics, mathematical modelling, and genetic engineering inter alia, has tremendously improved the diagnostic and therapeutic landscape of medicine. Additionally, the variable molecular epidemiology of diseases among different population and emerging molecular evidence warrants the use of customized novel theranostic techniques. Unfortunately, the footprint of such emerging application is sparse in dental diseases such as maxillofacial cancers. Hence, this review seeks to evaluate the potential application of phytopharmacological approaches to head and neck cancers in a resource-limited environment, such as Africa.

中文翻译：

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非洲植物学：头颈癌的前景

在实验/试验和临床实施水平上，随着各种组学和分子靶向疗法的引入，东正教牙科发生了重大变化。尽管在过去的十年中，在分子牙科领域已取得了重要的里程碑，但仍缺乏将植物药理学创新应用于牙科疾病的个性化和靶向治疗的机会。从远古时代开始，植物产品就一直是牙科实践中不可或缺的一部分，其范围从咀嚼棒/草药种类的牙膏到牙科/印象材料。当前的精确医学时代试图应用多方面的分子和生物计算方法来解决迄今仍然困难的基本医学问题。分子/组学时代的显着变化，已经将经验疗法转变为个性化/个性化疗法。此外，组合应用以及药物基因组学，植物药理学，代谢组学，数学建模和基因工程等高通量分子工具的广泛应用极大地改善了医学的诊断和治疗前景。另外，在不同人群中疾病的可变分子流行病学和新兴的分子证据保证了使用定制的新型治疗学技术。不幸的是，这种新兴应用的足迹在诸如上颌面癌的牙齿疾病中很少。因此，本综述旨在评估植物药理学方法在资源匮乏的环境（例如非洲）中对头颈癌的潜在应用。