This paper examines the historical developments and the debates revolving around the formation of an Ottoman–Iranian alliance in the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the 1908 Revolution. It argues that although neither the idea of an alliance between the two states nor the attempt to establish it was new, the way it was discussed, justified, and promoted in this period was different. The previous attempts by the Ottomans were led by the state as part of a broader pan-Islamist project (ittihad-ı İslam) that adopted a heavily religious tone. On the other hand, the main proponents of the alliance during the constitutional period were mostly transnational/international figures and religious scholars, who framed the issue within the context of Ottoman–Iranian relations, focusing on immediate pragmatic, strategic, and ideological concerns, such as protecting the sovereignty and security of the two countries against European imperialism through constitutionalism. Rather than focusing on reconciling the disputes between the Sunnis and Shi’is, and presenting this alliance as the first step towards the formation of a broader Islamic union as Abdülhamid II did in the nineteenth century, these people emphasized brotherhood and solidarity between the two constitutional governments, and tried to establish a strategic partnership based on shared borders, experiences, ideals, and enemies.

本文考察了1908年革命后在奥斯曼帝国建立奥斯曼帝国与伊朗联盟的历史发展和辩论。它认为，尽管两国之间结盟的想法和建立该联盟的尝试都不是新的，但在此期间，讨论，证明和促进结盟的方式是不同的。奥斯曼帝国先前的尝试是由国家领导的，这是更广泛的泛伊斯兰主义项目的一部分（ittihad-ıİslam）采取了强烈的宗教色彩。另一方面，联盟在宪政时期的主要支持者大多是跨国/国际人士和宗教学者，他们在奥斯曼帝国与伊朗关系的背景下对这一问题进行了框架化，侧重于务实，战略和意识形态方面的紧迫问题，例如通过宪政保护两国免受欧洲帝国主义的主权和安全。这些人不是强调解决逊尼派和什叶派之间的争端，而是像19世纪阿卜杜勒哈米德二世那样，将这一联盟作为迈向建立更广泛的伊斯兰联盟的第一步，而是强调两个宪法之间的兄弟情谊和团结。各国政府，并试图建立基于共同边界的战略伙伴关系，