Abstract

The objective of this study is twofold: first, to analyze whether the daily level of energy in terms of vigor at work could explain the way in which workers psychologically detach from their work, relax, practice challenging activities, and have the feeling of having control over their leisure time when arriving home. Second, to check if the daily emotional job demands could hinder that relationship, reversing the positive effect of vigor in recovery. For this purpose, a multilevel study with a diary methodology was designed. In total, 94 nurses from various hospital and primary care centers in Madrid and Basque Country (Spain) participated in this study. They completed daily questionnaires twice a day (in the afternoon after work and at night before going to bed) for five consecutive workdays from Monday to Friday (N = 94*5 = 470). The results revealed that on days that vigor at work was high, nurses experienced more psychological detachment, relaxation, feelings of mastery, and time control at home. Moreover, on days that emotional job demands were high, vigor was more negatively related to psychological detachment and time control at home. Additionally, vigor was more positively related to all recovery experiences at home in days that emotional demands were low. Therefore, daily vigor can act as an energy resource that helps the worker to recover. However, this effect can occur in situations in which stressors are not present in high intensity. These results have clear practical implications for both health organizations and workers.

摘要

这项研究的目的是双重的：首先，分析工作中每天的精力水平是否可以解释工人心理上脱离工作，放松，进行具有挑战性的活动以及有控制感的方式。在他们回到家的闲暇时间。其次，检查日常的情感工作需求是否会阻碍这种关系，从而扭转恢复活力的积极作用。为了这个目的，设计了带有日记方法的多层次研究。共有来自马德里和巴斯克地区（西班牙）各个医院和初级保健中心的94名护士参加了这项研究。他们每天从星期一到星期五连续五个工作日每天两次（下班后下午和上床睡觉前晚上）填写每日问卷（N = 94 * 5 = 470）。结果表明，在工作充满活力的日子里，护士在家中会经历更多的心理超脱，放松，掌握感和时间控制。此外，在情绪上对工作的需求很高的日子里，活力与家庭的心理超支和时间控制负相关。此外，在情绪低落的日子里，活力与在家中所有康复经历的关系更显着。因此，每天的精力可以作为一种能量资源，帮助工人康复。但是，在压力强度不高的情况下，可能会发生这种影响。这些结果对卫生组织和工人都有明显的实际意义。