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Intersex students, sex-based relational learning & isolation
Sex Education ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-04
Mandy Henningham, Tiffany Jones

ABSTRACT

Stigma is an important contributor to social isolation and has negative wellbeing and health impacts. People with intersex variations experience stigma based on multiple factors – family-based silencing and stigma; lack of adequate puberty education normalising body diversity at school; and medically imposed stigma from ‘corrective’ interventions. This article outlines theory concerning sex-based relational socialisation in schools for friendships and other relationships. It explores the literature on social isolation and exclusion and on students with intersex variations. It reports on the sex-based relational learning informed by the schooling experiences of 86 people with intersex variations aged 22–71 years, recruited from diverse international contexts. Students with intersex variations desired friendships with students of a different assigned sex more frequently than did endosex students. They had different friendship and dating patterns and greater experience of social isolation compared to endosex students in both primary/elementary and high/secondary school contexts. Almost all participants found surgical intervention to be inappropriate and the inappropriateness of the gender in which they are brought up was a strong predictor of negative sex-based relational learning experiences and social isolation. Data provide important arguments for young people with intersex variations to have greater bodily, sex and gender determining autonomy in school and related settings.



中文翻译:

双性恋学生,基于性别的关系学习与孤立

摘要

耻辱感是造成社会孤立的重要原因,并给人们的健康和健康带来负面影响。有两性变异的人经历基于多种因素的污名–基于家庭的沉默和污名;缺乏适当的青春期教育,使学校的身体多样性正常化;以及“矫正”干预措施在医学上造成的污名。本文概述了有关友谊和其他关系学校中基于性别的关系社会化的理论。它探讨了关于社会孤立和排斥以及有性行为变异的学生的文献。它报告了基于性别的关系学习,该学习是根据来自不同国际背景的86至22岁至71岁的两性变异者的受教育经历而得出的。与异性恋学生相比,具有两性变异的学生更希望与不同性别的学生建立友谊。与中小学学生相比,他们与内异性恋学生相比,有着不同的友谊和约会模式,以及更多的社会隔离经验。几乎所有的参与者都发现手术干预是不合适的,并且长大后所处性别的不适当性强烈预示着基于负面的基于性别的关系学习经历和社会隔离。数据为两性变异的年轻人提供了重要的论据,使其在学校及相关场合具有更大的身体,性别和性别决定自主权。与中小学学生相比,他们与内异性恋学生相比,有着不同的友谊和约会模式,以及更多的社会隔离经验。几乎所有的参与者都发现手术干预是不合适的,并且长大后所处性别的不适当性强烈预示着基于负面的基于性别的关系学习经历和社会隔离。数据为两性变异的年轻人提供了重要的论据,使其在学校及相关场合具有更大的身体,性别和性别决定自主权。与中小学学生相比,他们与内异性恋学生相比,有着不同的友谊和约会模式,以及更多的社会隔离经验。几乎所有的参与者都发现手术干预是不合适的,并且长大后所处性别的不适当性强烈预示着基于负面的基于性别的关系学习经历和社会隔离。数据为两性变异的年轻人提供了重要的论据,使其在学校及相关场合具有更大的身体,性别和性别决定自主权。几乎所有的参与者都发现手术干预是不合适的,并且长大后所处性别的不适当性强烈预示着基于负面的基于性别的关系学习经历和社会隔离。数据为两性变异的年轻人提供了重要的论据,使其在学校及相关场合具有更大的身体,性别和性别决定自主权。几乎所有的参与者都发现手术干预是不合适的,并且长大后所处性别的不适当性强烈预示着基于负面的基于性别的关系学习经历和社会隔离。数据为两性变异的年轻人提供了重要的论据,使其在学校及相关场合具有更大的身体,性别和性别决定自主权。

更新日期:2021-02-05
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