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Life-cycle assessment of an industrial direct air capture process based on temperature–vacuum swing adsorption
Nature Energy ( IF 49.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 , DOI: 10.1038/s41560-020-00771-9
Sarah Deutz , André Bardow

Current climate targets require negative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Direct air capture is a promising negative emission technology, but energy and material demands lead to trade-offs with indirect emissions and other environmental impacts. Here, we show by life-cycle assessment that the commercial direct air capture plants in Hinwil and Hellisheiði operated by Climeworks can already achieve negative emissions today, with carbon capture efficiencies of 85.4% and 93.1%. The climate benefits of direct air capture, however, depend strongly on the energy source. When using low-carbon energy, as in Hellisheiði, adsorbent choice and plant construction become more important, inducing up to 45 and 15 gCO2e per kilogram CO2 captured, respectively. Large-scale deployment of direct air capture for 1% of the global annual CO2 emissions would not be limited by material and energy availability. However, the current small-scale production of amines for the adsorbent would need to be scaled up by more than an order of magnitude. Other environmental impacts would increase by less than 0.057% when using wind power and by up to 0.30% for the global electricity mix forecasted for 2050. Energy source and efficiency are essential for direct air capture to enable both negative emissions and low-carbon fuels.



中文翻译:

基于温度-真空变吸附的工业直接空气捕获过程的生命周期评估

当前的气候目标要求负二氧化碳 (CO 2 ) 排放。直接空气捕获是一种很有前途的负排放技术,但能源和材料需求导致与间接排放和其他环境影响的权衡。在这里,我们通过生命周期评估表明,由 Climeworks 运营的位于 Hinwil 和 Hellisheiði 的商业直接空气捕集厂如今已经可以实现负排放,碳捕集效率分别为 85.4% 和 93.1%。然而,直接空气捕获的气候效益很大程度上取决于能源。当使用低碳能源时,如在 Hellisheiði,吸附剂的选择和工厂建设变得更加重要,每公斤 CO 2 可产生高达 45 和 15 gCO 2 e分别捕获。为全球每年 CO 2排放量的 1% 大规模部署直接空气捕获将不受材料和能源可用性的限制。然而,目前用于吸附剂的胺的小规模生产需要扩大一个数量级以上。使用风能时,其他环境影响将增加不到 0.057%,而对 2050 年全球电力结构的预测则增加 0.30%。能源和效率对于直接空气捕获以实现负排放和低碳燃料至关重要。

更新日期:2021-02-04
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