2019 marked the 25th anniversary of the Rwandan genocide and of the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). After prosecuting 73 people, including high-ranking politicians and military leaders, the Rwanda Tribunal closed its doors in 2015. Together with its sister tribunal, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the ICTR is considered one of the first-generation ad hoc tribunals mandated to bring justice to countries emerging from conflict. This review essay examines four books to take stock of the scholarly debate on the ICTR’s performance. After analysing the Tribunal’s achievements and shortcomings, it explains that scholarly assessments of the ICTR rely on two different analytical lenses – a national and/or international perspective – to make claims about the roles of international criminal tribunals. The essay then discusses the ICTR’s interactions with other post-genocide justice mechanisms in Rwanda and the compatibility of concurrent judicial responses to mass violence. In conclusion, it suggests that evolving interpretations of the ICTR’s performance reflect prevailing ideas about the goals and limitations of international criminal tribunals.

中文翻译：

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卢旺达和种族灭绝后国际刑事法庭25年后

2019年是卢旺达种族灭绝和卢旺达国际刑事法庭（ICTR）成立25周年。卢旺达法庭在起诉了包括高级政治人物和军事领导人在内的73人之后，于2015年关闭了大门。卢旺达问题国际法庭被认为是卢旺达问题国际法庭的第一代临时法庭，其姊妹法庭是前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭。法庭有权为刚摆脱冲突的国家伸张正义。这篇评论文章审查了四本书，以总结关于卢旺达问题国际法庭的表现的学术辩论。在分析了法庭的成就和不足之后，它解释说，对卢旺达问题国际法庭的学术评估依靠两个不同的分析视角（国家和/或国际观点）来宣称国际刑事法庭的作用。然后，文章讨论卢旺达问题国际法庭与卢旺达其他种族灭绝后司法机制的互动，以及同时发生的司法对付大规模暴力行为的兼容性。最后，它表明，对卢旺达问题国际法庭业绩的不断发展的解释反映了关于国际刑事法庭的目标和局限性的主流观念。