ABSTRACT

This is a review of the research on the genetic effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic field (EMF), mainly on radiofrequency radiation (RFR) and static and extremely low frequency EMF (ELF-EMF). The majority of the studies are on genotoxicity (e.g., DNA damage, chromatin conformation changes, etc.) and gene expression. Genetic effects of EMF depend on various factors, including field parameters and characteristics (frequency, intensity, wave-shape), cell type, and exposure duration. The types of gene expression affected (e.g., genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and stress responses, heat-shock proteins) are consistent with the findings that EMF causes genetic damages. Many studies reported effects in cells and animals after exposure to EMF at intensities similar to those in the public and occupational environments. The mechanisms by which effects are induced by EMF are basically unknown. Involvement of free radicals is a likely possibility. EMF also interacts synergistically with different entities on genetic functions. Interactions, particularly with chemotherapeutic compounds, raise the possibility of using EMF as an adjuvant for cancer treatment to increase the efficacy and decrease side effects of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. Other data, such as adaptive effects and mitotic spindle aberrations after EMF exposure, further support the notion that EMF causes genetic effects in living organisms.

摘要

这是对非电离电磁场（EMF）的遗传效应研究的综述，主要是对射频辐射（RFR）和静态和极低频EMF（ELF-EMF）的影响。大多数研究涉及遗传毒性（例如，DNA损伤，染色质构象变化等）和基因表达。EMF的遗传效应取决于多种因素，包括田间参数和特征（频率，强度，波形），细胞类型和暴露持续时间。受影响的基因表达类型（例如，参与细胞周期停滞，凋亡和应激反应的基因，热激蛋白）与EMF引起遗传损伤的发现一致。许多研究报告了以与公共和职业环境相似的强度暴露于EMF后对细胞和动物的影响。电动势诱发效应的机制基本上是未知的。自由基的参与是可能的。EMF还可以在遗传功能上与不同实体协同相互作用。相互作用，特别是与化疗化合物的相互作用，增加了使用EMF作为癌症治疗佐剂的可能性，从而提高了传统化疗药物的功效并降低了其副作用。其他数据，例如EMF暴露后的适应性效应和有丝分裂纺锤体畸变，进一步支持了EMF在生物体内引起遗传效应的观点。增加了将EMF用作癌症治疗佐剂的可能性，以提高传统化疗药物的疗效并降低其副作用。其他数据，例如EMF暴露后的适应性效应和有丝分裂纺锤体畸变，进一步支持了EMF在生物体内引起遗传效应的观点。增加了将EMF用作癌症治疗佐剂的可能性，以提高传统化疗药物的疗效并降低其副作用。其他数据，例如EMF暴露后的适应性效应和有丝分裂纺锤体畸变，进一步支持了EMF在生物体内引起遗传效应的观点。