Abstract

The economic and social losses due to increasing bridges collapse over the years have underlined the importance of the development of more robust bridge structural systems when exposed to harmful events, such as natural hazards, human-made hazards and human errors. Natural and human-made hazards are usually explicitly addressed in the numerous works available in the literature, but when it comes to human errors, very few studies can be found. It is worth mentioning that human errors have been identified as one of the main causes of bridges failure. Consequently, the main goal of this paper is the assessment of human errors impact on the robustness and safety of a prestressed reinforced concrete bridge through a probabilistic-based approach. Uncertainties concerning the numerical model, material strength, geometry and loading condition are used as key input parameters for the probabilistic assessment. Considering the structural system performance in its early days (i.e., virgin reliability index) the human error impact in structural safety is measured according to the structural system performance reduction given different errors with different magnitudes. Therefore, the structural system ability to maintain acceptable levels of performance, given such errors, is assessed.

摘要

多年来，由于桥梁坍塌不断增加而造成的经济和社会损失，突显了在遭受自然灾害，人为灾害和人为错误等有害事件时，开发更坚固的桥梁结构系统的重要性。通常在文献中可找到的大量著作中明确地解决了自然和人为危害，但是当涉及到人为错误时，几乎找不到研究。值得一提的是，人为错误已被确定为桥梁故障的主要原因之一。因此，本文的主要目标是通过基于概率的方法来评估人为错误对预应力钢筋混凝土桥梁的坚固性和安全性的影响。有关数值模型，材料强度，几何形状和加载条件用作概率评估的关键输入参数。考虑到早期的结构系统性能（即原始可靠性指标），根据结构系统性能下降（在给定不同误差和不同幅度的情况下），可以测量对结构安全性的人为错误影响。因此，评估了给定此类错误的结构系统保持可接受的性能水平的能力。