A deformed neutron star (NS) will precess if the instantaneous spin axis and the angular momentum are not aligned. Such a precession can produce continuous gravitational waves (GWs) and modulate electromagnetic pulse signals of pulsars. In this contribution, we extend our previous work in a more convenient parameterization. We treat NSs as rigid triaxial bodies and give analytical solutions for angular velocities and Euler angles. We summarize the general GW waveforms from freely precessing triaxial NSs and use Taylor expansions to obtain waveforms with a small wobble angle. For pulsar signals, we adopt a simple cone model to study the timing residuals and pulse profile modulations. In reality, the electromagnetic torque acts on pulsars and affects the precession behavior. Thereof, as an additional extension to our previous work, we consider a vacuum torque and display an illustrative example for the residuals of body‐frame angular velocities. Detailed investigations concerning continuous GWs and modulated pulsar signals from forced precession of triaixal NSs will be given in future studies.

中文翻译：

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三轴变形中子星的进动

如果瞬时自旋轴和角动量未对齐，则将变形的中子星（NS）进动。这种进动可以产生连续的重力波（GWs）并调制脉冲星的电磁脉冲信号。在此贡献中，我们在更方便的参数化中扩展了以前的工作。我们将NS视为刚性三轴体，并给出了角速度和欧拉角的解析解。我们从自由进动的三轴NS总结了一般的GW波形，并使用泰勒展开来获得具有较小摆动角的波形。对于脉冲星信号，我们采用简单的圆锥模型来研究时序残差和脉冲轮廓调制。实际上，电磁转矩作用在脉冲星上并影响进动行为。因此，作为对我们以前工作的补充扩展，我们考虑了真空扭矩，并显示了车身框架角速度残差的示例。在未来的研究中将进行有关连续GW和来自三轴NS强迫进动的调制脉冲星信号的详细研究。