According to the European Commission, aquaculture is among those maritime sectors contributing to the blue economy due to its potential for generating jobs, business opportunities and, most importantly, for ensuring food security in Europe. In 2014, EU member states set new strategies to support sustainable aquaculture and ambitious targets of productions to be met by 2020 in the three segments, marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish. A recent assessment made by the European Commission concludes that some countries might not be able to attain the established goals and this paper presents an in-depth analysis of such strategies to identify the social constraints hampering aquaculture growth in France, Italy and Spain as well as the measures established to overcome them. Most of the identified issues are related to the social acceptability of local communities, local stakeholders and consumers, suggesting that this still represents an unsolved issue hampering aquaculture development in Europe. In fact, our results show that (a) the sector suffers from a bad image related to its environmental impacts; (b) a lack of integrated spatial planning is leading to increasing conflicts with other activities; and (c) there is predominance of top-down consultation mechanisms. It is concluded that there is not a single solution to enhance social acceptability of aquaculture since this depends on a number of social, economic and environmental factors that may differ from site to site, and countries need to adopt a more integrated approach where concerns of local communities and stakeholders are understood and taken into account.

中文翻译：

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现有立法是否支持欧盟社会可接受的水产养殖？法国、意大利和西班牙的横向分析

根据欧盟委员会的说法，水产养殖是为蓝色经济做出贡献的海洋部门之一，因为它具有创造就业机会和商业机会的潜力，最重要的是，它可以确保欧洲的粮食安全。2014 年，欧盟成员国制定了支持可持续水产养殖的新战略，并制定了到 2020 年在海洋鱼类、淡水鱼类和贝类三个领域实现的宏伟目标。欧盟委员会最近的一项评估得出结论，一些国家可能无法实现既定目标，本文深入分析了此类战略，以确定阻碍法国、意大利和西班牙水产养殖发展的社会制约因素，以及为克服它们而制定的措施。大多数确定的问题与当地社区、当地利益相关者和消费者的社会接受度有关，这表明这仍然是阻碍欧洲水产养殖发展的未解决问题。事实上，我们的结果表明：(a) 该行业的形象受到与其环境影响相关的不良影响；(b) 缺乏综合空间规划导致与其他活动的冲突增加；(c) 自上而下的协商机制占主导地位。得出的结论是，提高水产养殖的社会接受度没有单一的解决方案，因为这取决于可能因地点而异的许多社会、经济和环境因素，