Responses of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells (ECs) to fluid shear stress (FSS) from blood or lymphatic fluid flow govern the development, physiology, and diseases of these structures. Extensive research has characterized the signaling, gene expression and cytoskeletal pathways that mediate effects on EC phenotype and vascular morphogenesis. But the primary mechanisms by which ECs transduce the weak forces from flow into biochemical signals are less well understood. This review covers recent advances in our understanding of the immediate mechanisms of FSS mechanotransduction, integrating results from different disciplines, addressing their roles in development, physiology and disease, and suggesting important questions for future work.

中文翻译：

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内皮血流传感的早期事件

血管和淋巴管内皮细胞 (EC) 对来自血液或淋巴液流动的流体剪切应力 (FSS) 的反应控制着这些结构的发育、生理和疾病。广泛的研究已经表征了介导对 EC 表型和血管形态发生的影响的信号传导、基因表达和细胞骨架途径。但是，EC 将弱力从流动转换为生化信号的主要机制尚不清楚。这篇综述涵盖了我们对 FSS 机械转导直接机制的理解的最新进展，整合了不同学科的结果，解决了它们在发育、生理学和疾病中的作用，并为未来的工作提出了重要问题。