Distal tephra from the major Somma-Vesuvius Avellino (AV) eruption is widespread in the coastal basins of Southern Lazio (Central Italy). Dated to 1995 ± 10 cal yr BC in 2011, later on doubts arose about the reliability of this frequently cited age. This led to a major effort to date AV tephra holding sections, based on a thorough methodological approach.

Various aspects were studied to identify sections yielding reliable ¹⁴C ages, including bioturbation, inbuilt age, and variable sediment accumulation rate. Lowered rates upon deposition of tephra, particularly in anoxic marshy environments and attributed to toxic F contents, showed up as sharp increases in pollen density. The ‘sampling error’ was quantified for specific sedimentary environments and derived from coring data and published data on accumulation rates for similar Central Mediterranean sites. Next, two Bayesian analyses were performed, a traditional using the full set of samples and a novel, based on samples that were deemed as suitable (no bioturbation, inbuilt age, etc.) and of which the age was corrected for the sampling error.

The age obtained by the novel analysis had the smallest range (1909–1868 cal yr BC), differs about a century, and is virtually identical to the ages published by Passariello et al. (2009) and Alessandri (2019). The earlier found age (2011) is ascribed to a statistical coincidence. The results solve a long debate on the age of the AV eruption, which is the youngest of the three major eruptions in the Central Mediterranean Bronze Age. Ages of the other two, the Agnano Mt Spina (Phlegrean) and FL eruption (Etna), are still uncertain and disputed. This study illustrates the need for a thorough approach in ¹⁴C dating tephra holding sediment archives in the Central Mediterranean, and employed a methodology that can be applied in such approach. Attention is called for potentially toxic fluorine concentrations in Campanian tephra, which may have had a serious impact on the contemporary environment and induced chronological hiatuses, but hitherto were not reported for the early tephra.

来自主要索马-维苏威火山阿韦利诺（AV）火山喷发的远侧眼球广泛分布于拉齐奥南部（意大利中部）的沿海盆地。追溯到公元前1995年±10年（2011年），后来人们对这个经常被提及的年龄的可靠性产生了怀疑。在彻底的方法论基础上，这导致了迄今为止对AV特弗拉握持部分进行的重大努力。

研究了各个方面，以确定产生可靠的¹⁴ C年龄的断面，包括生物扰动，内建年龄和可变的沉积物累积速率。当花粉密度急剧增加时，尤其是在缺氧的沼泽环境中，因特非拉沉积而引起的速率降低，尤其是在有毒的F含量中。对于特定的沉积环境，对“采样误差”进行了量化，并根据取自中部地中海类似地点的取芯数据和已发布的累积速率数据得出。接下来，基于被认为合适的样本（无生物扰动，内建年龄等），并针对采样误差校正了年龄，进行了两次贝叶斯分析，传统是使用全套样本，另一种是使用新颖样本。

通过新颖的分析得出的年龄范围最小（公元前1909年至1868年），相差一个世纪左右，实际上与Passariello等人发表的年龄相同。（2009）和亚历山德瑞（2019）。较早发现的年龄（2011年）归因于统计巧合。结果解决了关于房室爆发年龄的长期争论，房室爆发是地中海中部青铜器时代三大爆发中最年轻的。其他两个时代，阿格纳诺山斯皮纳（Phlegrean）和FL火山爆发（Etna）的年龄仍然不确定且存在争议。这项研究表明有必要在¹⁴年内采取彻底的方法C在中部地中海地区保存了特非拉沉积物档案，并采用了可用于这种方法的方法。需要注意的是，桔梗中的氟有潜在的毒性浓度，这可能对当代环境和诱发的时间间隔造成严重影响，但迄今尚未报道过早期的氟。