The food sector is currently very inefficient due to a large amount of food waste it generates, and the volumes of water and energy used. This problem is aggravated by increasing economic costs and stricter regulations associated with the disposal and treatment of food waste, carbon emissions and wastewater discharge. Because of this, resource efficiency is key to a sustainable food system. In this context, it is essential to reduce food waste, energy and water through transparent and accurate real-time monitoring to be able to understand the real reasons behind their generation/use. Understanding these reasons would help food manufacturers to redesign their processes and achieve operational improvements. The Internet of Things (IoT), a relatively new manufacturing concept within Industry 4.0, can support this. IoT consists of an information technology infrastructure for data collection and distribution, that can significantly influence the efficiency and performance of manufacturing systems. This article presents an IoT-based framework for monitoring the generation of food waste and the use of energy and water in the food sector. The framework supports the identification of improvements to optimise the resource efficiency of food manufacturing through the design and implementation of a number of IoT-based tools.

由于产生的大量食物浪费以及所消耗的水和能源的数量，当前的食物部门效率很低。随着经济成本的增加以及与食物垃圾的处置和处理，碳排放和废水排放有关的更严格的规定，这一问题更加严重。因此，资源效率是可持续粮食系统的关键。在这种情况下，至关重要的是，通过透明，准确的实时监控来减少食物浪费，能源和水，以便能够了解其产生/使用的真正原因。理解这些原因将有助于食品制造商重新设计其流程并实现运营改进。物联网（IoT）是Industry 4.0中相对较新的制造概念，可以支持这一点。物联网由用于数据收集和分发的信息技术基础设施组成，该基础设施可能会严重影响制造系统的效率和性能。本文提出了一种基于物联网的框架，用于监控食品部门食品废物的产生以及能源和水的使用。该框架支持通过设计和实施许多基于物联网的工具来确定改进食品制造资源效率的改进措施。