The hydrothermal and irreversibility characteristics of an eco-friendly graphene-based nanofluid within a novel spiral heat sink are numerically investigated. The effects of heat sink material, nanoparticle weight fraction (φ), and Reynolds number (Re) are studied. Some comparisons are made between the spiral heat sink and two ordinary heat sinks, namely serpentine and base-plate heat sinks. The results indicate that the serpentine heat sink shows a somewhat better heat transfer ratio, but the corresponding pressure loss ratio is exceptionally high. The spiral heat sink is able to improve the heat transfer with reasonable pressure drop intensification and smaller irreversibility than the serpentine one. It is found that the main irreversibility occurs because of the temperature gradients, while the irreversibility caused by the friction is inconsequential. Higher particle concentration diminishes the temperature gradients and leads to smaller thermal irreversibility. For instance, at Re = 1000 and spiral heat sink made of copper, the thermal entropy generation of the nanofluid diminishes by 12.6 % when φ rises by 0.1 %. Furthermore, employing the copper heat sink yields a flatter temperature profile and declines the thermal entropy production, such that using the nickel leads to 41.4 % higher thermal entropy production than the copper at Re = 1000 and φ = 0.1 %.

数值研究了新型螺旋散热器中生态友好的基于石墨烯的纳米流体的水热和不可逆特性。散热片材料，纳米颗粒重量分数（φ），然后研究雷诺数（Re）。在螺旋散热器和两个普通散热器（蛇形散热器和基板散热器）之间进行了一些比较。结果表明，蛇形散热片显示出更好的传热比，但是相应的压力损失比却异常高。与蛇形散热片相比，螺旋散热片能够以合理的压降强度和不可逆性降低传热性能。发现主要不可逆性是由于温度梯度而发生的，而由摩擦引起的不可逆性是无关紧要的。较高的颗粒浓度会降低温度梯度，并导致较小的热不可逆性。例如，在Re = 1000且铜制螺旋形散热器的情况下，φ上升0.1％。此外，使用铜散热片会产生更平坦的温度曲线并降低热熵产生，因此在Re = 1000和φ  = 0.1％时，使用镍比铜产生的热熵产生高41.4 ％。