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A generalized variety problem
Semigroup Forum ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s00233-021-10163-4
Genevieve Churchill

Let \({\mathscr {C}}\! om \) denote the variety of all commutative semigroups. For \(n\ge 1\) let \({{\mathscr {N}}\! il }_n\) (respectively \({\mathscr {N}}_n\)) denote the variety of all nil (respectively nilpotent) semigroups of index n, and let \({\mathscr {N}}\! il \) (respectively \({\mathscr {N}}\)) denote the generalized variety of all nil (respectively nilpotent) semigroups. For a class \({\mathscr {W}}\) of semigroups let \({\mathscr {L}}({\mathscr {W}})\) denote the lattice of all varieties contained in \({\mathscr {W}}\), and let \({\mathscr {G}}({\mathscr {W}})\) denote the lattice of all generalized varieties contained in \({\mathscr {W}}\). Almeida has proved that the map \(\alpha :{\mathscr {L}}({\mathscr {N}}\! il \cap {\mathscr {C}}\! om )\cup \{{\mathscr {N}}\! il \cap {\mathscr {C}}\! om \}\rightarrow {\mathscr {G}}({\mathscr {N}}\cap {\mathscr {C}}\! om )\) given by \({\mathscr {W}}\alpha = {\mathscr {W}}\cap {\mathscr {N}}\) is an isomorphism, and asked whether the extension \({\alpha }': {\mathscr {L}}({\mathscr {N}}\! il ) \cup \{{\mathscr {N}}\! il \}\rightarrow {\mathscr {G}}({\mathscr {N}})\) of this map is also an isomorphism. The author has previously shown that \({\alpha }'\) is not injective, using varieties of nil index 5, and noted that the corresponding map \({\alpha }_n : {\mathscr {L}}({{\mathscr {N}}\! il }_n) \rightarrow {\mathscr {G}}({\mathscr {N}} \cap {{\mathscr {N}}\! il }_n)\) given by \({\mathscr {W}} {\alpha }_n ={\mathscr {W}}\cap {\mathscr {N}}\) is therefore not injective for \(n\ge 5\). The question of smaller values of n was left open, and in this article it is shown that \({\alpha }_n\) is not injective for \(n\ge 2\), using Leech’s square-free words.



中文翻译:

广义品种问题

\({\ mathscr {C}} \!om \)表示所有可交换半群的多样性。对于\(n \ ge 1 \),\({{\ mathscr {N}} \!il _n \)(分别\({\ mathscr {N}} _ n \))表示所有nil的种类(分别索引n的nilpotent个半群,令\({\ mathscr {N}} \!il \)(分别为\ {{\ mathscr {N}} \))表示所有nil个(分别为nilpotent)半群的广义变种。对于半组的类\({\ mathscr {W}} \\},让\({\ mathscr {L}}({\ mathscr {W}})\)表示\({\ mathscr {W}} \),然后\({\ mathscr {G}}({\ mathscr {W}})\)表示\({\ mathscr {W}} \\}中包含的所有广义变体的格。Almeida已证明地图\(\ alpha:{\ mathscr {L}}({\ mathscr {N}} \!il \ cap {\ mathscr {C}} \!om)\ cup \ {{\ mathscr { N}} \!il \ cap {\ mathscr {C}} \!om \} \ rightarrow {\ mathscr {G}}({\ mathscr {N}} \ cap {\ mathscr {C}} \!om) \)由下式给出\({\ mathscr【W}} \阿尔法= {\ mathscr【W}} \帽{\ mathscr {N}} \)是一个同构,并询问是否扩展\({\阿尔法}” :{\ mathscr {L}}({\ mathscr {N}} \!il)\ cup \ {{\ mathscr {N}} \!il \} \ rightarrow {\ mathscr {G}}({{\ mathscr {此图的N}})\)也是同构的。作者先前已经证明\({\ alpha}'\)是非内射的,使用nil索引的变种5,并注意到对应的映射\({\ alpha __n:{\ mathscr {L}}({{\ mathscr {N}} \!il __n)\ rightarrow { \ mathscr {G}}({\ mathscr {N}} \ cap {{\ mathscr {N}} \!il _n)\)\({\ mathscr {W}} {\ alpha} _n = {因此\ mathscr {W}} \ cap {\ mathscr {N}} \)对于\(n \ ge 5 \)来说不是内射性的。较小的n值的问题尚待解决,在本文中,使用Leech的无平方词表明\({\ alpha __n \)对于\ {n \ ge 2 \ }而言不是内射性。

更新日期:2021-02-05
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