Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is becoming a promising method for fabricating highly complex ceramics owing to the arbitrary design and the infinite combination of materials. Insufficient density is one of the main problems with 3D printed ceramics, but concentrated descriptions of making dense ceramics are scarce. This review specifically introduces the principles of the four 3D printing technologies and focuses on the parameters of each technology that affect the densification of 3D printed ceramics, such as the performance of raw materials and the interaction between energy and materials. The technical challenges and suggestions about how to achieve higher ceramic density are presented subsequently. The goal of the presented work is to comprehend the roles of critical parameters in the subsequent 3D printing process to prepare dense ceramics that can meet the practical applications.

由于任意设计和材料的无限组合，三维（3D）打印技术正成为一种有前途的制造高度复杂陶瓷的方法。密度不足是3D打印陶瓷的主要问题之一，但很少有关于制造致密陶瓷的集中描述。这篇综述专门介绍了四种3D打印技术的原理，并重点介绍了影响3D打印陶瓷致密化的每种技术的参数，例如原材料的性能以及能量与材料之间的相互作用。随后提出了有关如何实现更高陶瓷密度的技术挑战和建议。