ABSTRACT

The study focuses on four river basins, Gandaki, Indus, Upper Ganga and Teesta, in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region in South Asia. The region is considered one of the more environmentally vulnerable areas in the world due to recurrent natural hazards that can be exacerbated by future climate change. The dependence of the population on natural resources based livelihoods makes the region particularly vulnerable to adverse climate change impacts. Labour migration can help household adaptation, particularly when it incurs significant cash investment. The paper analyses the determinants of household adaptation, including migration, in three sectors, namely, agriculture, livestock, and water. It shows that household adaptation to the negative effects of climate change was very poor in the region, with less than a third of the households undertaking adaptation measures. While labour migration showed a positive influence on household adaptation, it was statistically significant only in agriculture. Nevertheless, migration influenced household adaptation indirectly through livelihood diversification, access to services provide of external stakeholders, and changes in household composition. The study identified location, access to climate information, and services provided by external stakeholders as important factors in household adaptation to climate change.

摘要

该研究的重点是南亚的兴都库什喜马拉雅（HKH）地区的四个流域，甘达基，印度河，恒河上游和特埃斯塔。由于经常发生的自然灾害，该地区被认为是世界上环境最脆弱的地区之一，而未来的气候变化可能会加剧该地区的自然灾害。人口对基于自然资源的生计的依赖使该地区特别容易受到不利的气候变化影响。劳务移民可以帮助家庭适应，特别是当它需要大量现金投资时。本文分析了农业，畜牧业和水利等三个部门的家庭适应因素，包括移民问题。这表明该地区家庭对气候变化的负面影响的适应性很差，不到三分之一的家庭正在采取适应措施。尽管劳务移民对家庭适应具有积极影响，但仅在农业方面具有统计学意义。然而，移民通过生计多样化，获得外部利益相关者提供的服务以及家庭构成的变化，间接影响了家庭的适应。该研究确定了地理位置，获得气候信息的途径以及外部利益相关者提供的服务是家庭适应气候变化的重要因素。外部利益相关者提供服务的机会以及家庭组成的变化。该研究确定了地理位置，获得气候信息的途径以及外部利益相关者提供的服务是家庭适应气候变化的重要因素。外部利益相关者提供服务的机会以及家庭组成的变化。该研究确定了地理位置，获得气候信息的途径以及外部利益相关者提供的服务是家庭适应气候变化的重要因素。