This paper uses a modified gravity model to investigate the effects of rules of origin (RoO) on 61 countries’ participation in global value chains (GVCs) during the period 2005–2015. We define GVC participation as the value added contained in exports, looking both backward and forward from a reference nation. RoO are heterogeneous in the degrees of restrictiveness that govern the origin of products to obtain preferential tariff treatment. The empirical results show negative relationships between RoO’s restrictiveness and both backward and forward participation, and these adverse effects become more prominent when we control the endogeneity bias. However, the implementation of regime-wide RoO, including diagonal cumulation and de minimis, can reduce these negative effects. The mitigating roles of both regime-wide rules are quite similar in terms of magnitude, which is significant as the current literature on the liberalization of RoO only focuses on the role of cumulation. Our findings suggest that in order to upgrade participation in international production networks, a country should adopt a less restrictive and regime-wide RoO in free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations.

本文使用修正的引力模型来研究原产地规则（RoO）对61个国家在2005-2015年期间参与全球价值链（GVC）的影响。我们将全球价值链的参与度定义为出口中所含的增加值，从参照国的角度来回看。RoO在限制产品来源以获得优惠关税待遇的限制程度上是异质的。实证结果表明，RoO的限制性与后向和前向参与之间存在负相关关系，并且当我们控制内生性偏差时，这些不利影响变得更加突出。但是，在整个范围内执行RoO（包括对角线累积和最小化）可以减少这些负面影响。在幅度上，两个全政区规则的缓解作用都非常相似，这很重要，因为当前有关RoO自由化的文献仅着重于累积作用。我们的研究结果表明，为了提高对国际生产网络的参与度，一国应在自由贸易协定（FTA）谈判中采用限制较少且范围广泛的RoO。