The article discusses the role of the European Union (EU) in facilitating concessions between member states which, paradoxically, pursue discrepant foreign interests. First, the article develops a theoretical framework for the under-researched Europeanization model of cross-loading. Here, strategic socialization, experiential learning, and policy transfer conceptualize how national actors adopt cooperative practices from the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) into their bilateral level. Meanwhile, rational institutionalism and the politics of scale help theorize tactical coalition- and consensus-building specifically between discrepant national interests, with regard to states' complementary influence capabilities within the CFSP. Second, the article tests cross-loading to confirm Poland's conciliatory Russia policy in 2008–14 as an EU-induced concession to Germany. Arguably, Poland who pursued its strategic interests in the Eastern Partnership tactically adopted Germany's approach towards developing parallel EU–Russia policies. Poland thus recognized German skills to build consensus on the Eastern Partnership with stronger and Russian-oriented member states.

中文翻译：

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理论和测试交叉加载：欧盟共同外交和安全政策以及波兰对德国俄罗斯政策的让步

这篇文章讨论了欧盟 (EU) 在促进成员国之间让步方面的作用，这些成员国自相矛盾地追求不同的外国利益。首先，本文为研究不足的交叉装载欧洲化模型开发了一个理论框架。在这里，战略社会化、体验式学习和政策转移概念化了国家行为者如何将共同外交和安全政策 (CFSP) 中的合作实践纳入双边层面。同时，理性制度主义和规模政治有助于将战术联盟和共识建立理论化，特别是在有差异的国家利益之间，就国家在 CFSP 内的互补影响能力而言。二、文章测试交叉加载确认波兰' 2008-14 年的俄罗斯和解政策是欧盟对德国的让步。可以说，在东方伙伴关系中追求其战略利益的波兰在战术上采用了德国的方法来制定平行的欧盟-俄罗斯政策。因此，波兰承认德国在与更强大和面向俄罗斯的成员国就东方伙伴关系达成共识方面的能力。