Abstract

Aim: Most tobacco smokers have attempted to quit smoking, but they find it challenging to succeed in these attempts. Still, some people do manage to stop. The present study was set to explore the nature of a successful quit attempt and what differentiates it from failed attempts.

Methods: We used a constructivist grounded theory methodology. The constructed theory was developed from the accounts of participants’ first-hand experiences of becoming a nonsmoker.

Results: The theory developed in this paper uncouples the process of giving up smoking from the one of becoming a nonsmoker and it focuses on the latter. The theory also introduces the concept of ‘nonsmoking’ as a contextually framed and relational practice. The theory proposes that it is the practice and naturalization of nonsmoking, and not giving up smoking per se, that leads smokers to become nonsmokers. The naturalization of ‘nonsmoking’ is facilitated by interacting with what is here called a nonsmoking milieu, a context where nonsmoking is a normal social practice. This interaction enables processes different from giving up smoking, which in turn advance the naturalization of nonsmoking.

Conclusion: The theory explains the process of becoming a nonsmoker as a relational and contextually sensitive one. It moves beyond an individual-focused understanding of the process, and underscores the benefits of reexamining assumptions embedded in how smoking cessation is commonly approached.

摘要

目的：大多数吸烟者都曾尝试戒烟，但他们认为要取得成功很难。尽管如此，仍有一些人设法制止。本研究旨在探索成功戒烟尝试的性质以及将其与失败尝试区别开的原因。

方法：我们使用了建构主义扎根的理论方法。建构的理论是根据参与者成为不吸烟者的第一手经验发展而来的。

结果：本文开发的理论将戒烟过程与成为不吸烟者中的一种脱钩，并将重点放在后者上。该理论还引入了“不吸烟”的概念，将其作为上下文相关的关系实践。该理论提出，不吸烟本身的本质是不吸烟的实践和自然化，导致吸烟者成为不吸烟者。通过与所谓的非吸烟环境互动来促进“非吸烟”的自然化，在这种情况下，非吸烟是一种正常的社会习惯。这种相互作用实现了与戒烟不同的过程，而戒烟又促进了不吸烟的自然化。

结论：该理论解释了成为不吸烟者的过程，它是一种关系和上下文相关的人。它超越了以个人为中心的对该过程的理解，并强调了重新检查通常如何戒烟的假设的益处。