Smooth pursuit eye movements and visual motion perception rely on the integration of current sensory signals with past experience. Experience shapes our expectation of current visual events and can drive eye movement responses made in anticipation of a target, such as anticipatory pursuit. Previous research revealed consistent effects of expectation on anticipatory pursuit-eye movements follow the expected target direction or speed-and contrasting effects on motion perception, but most studies considered either eye movement or perceptual responses. The current study directly compared effects of direction expectation on perception and anticipatory pursuit within the same direction discrimination task to investigate whether both types of responses are affected similarly or differently. Observers (n = 10) viewed high-coherence random-dot kinematograms (RDKs) moving rightward and leftward with a probability of 50, 70, or 90% in a given block of trials to build up an expectation of motion direction. They were asked to judge motion direction of interleaved low-coherence RDKs (0-15%). Perceptual judgements were compared to changes in anticipatory pursuit eye movements as a function of probability. Results show that anticipatory pursuit velocity scaled with probability and followed direction expectation (attraction bias), whereas perceptual judgments were biased opposite to direction expectation (repulsion bias). Control experiments suggest that the repulsion bias in perception was not caused by retinal slip induced by anticipatory pursuit, or by motion adaptation. We conclude that direction expectation can be processed differently for perception and anticipatory pursuit.

中文翻译：

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对运动方向的期望不同地影响感知和预期平滑追求

平滑追踪眼球运动和视觉运动感知依赖于当前感官信号与过去经验的整合。经验塑造了我们对当前视觉事件的预期，并可以驱动在预期目标时做出的眼球运动反应，例如预期的追求。先前的研究揭示了预期对预期追踪的一致影响——眼球运动遵循预期的目标方向或速度——以及对运动知觉的对比影响，但大多数研究考虑了眼球运动或知觉反应。目前的研究直接比较了同一方向辨别任务中方向期望对感知和预期追求的影响，以研究两种类型的反应是否受到相似或不同的影响。观察者 (n = 10) 观察了在给定试验块中以 50%、70% 或 90% 的概率向右和向左移动的高相干性随机点运动图 (RDK)，以建立对运动方向的预期。他们被要求判断交错的低相干 RDK (0-15%) 的运动方向。将感知判断与作为概率函数的预期追踪眼球运动的变化进行比较。结果表明，预期追求速度与概率成比例并遵循方向期望（吸引偏差），而知觉判断与方向期望相反（排斥偏差）。对照实验表明，感知中的排斥偏差不是由预期追求或运动适应引起的视网膜滑动引起的。