The antibodies and other issues associated with immunity in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been widely investigated, especially non‐organ‐specific antinuclear antibodies. Rods–rings (RR) antibody patterns are frequently observed due to pegylated IFN‐α (PEG‐IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) treatment by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). We evaluated the relevance between anti‐RR and PEG‐IFN/RBV and/or direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) regimens in chronic HCV. Sampling was done after achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) for 178 patients (aged >18 years). Patients were grouped according to treatment protocols (Group 1 [G1]: PEG‐IFN/RBV [n = 53], Group 2 [G2]: PEG‐IFN/RBV and Telaprevir or Boceprevir [n = 31], Group 3 [G3]: second‐ and third‐wave DAA and previously received PEG‐IFN/RBV (n = 38), and Group 4 [G4]: second‐ and third‐wave DAA [n = 56]). Anti‐RR was investigated by IIF (Euroimmun AG) test. Overall, 27 (15.16%) patients were anti‐RR positive and received PEG‐IFN/RBV. The numbers of anti‐RR positivity for G1/2/3/4 (%) were 16/3/8/0 (30.2/9.6/21/0), respectively (p < .001). The anti‐RR positivity rate for G1/2/3 was 22.13% (27/122, p = .088). Anti‐RR was positive in 17.5% (11/63) of G1/2/3 patients who did not achieve SVR after the first treatment. This rate was 27.1% (16/59) in patients with SVR after the first treatment in G1/2 and there was no difference between these two classified groups in terms of antibody titers (p = .915). Anti‐RR was detected up to 172 months after SVR. In summary, anti‐RR was positive in high rates in patients receiving PEG‐IFN/RBV therapy. Frequent monitoring is needed during patient follow‐up to get more data on the relationship between anti‐RR titer, treatment regimens, and SVR.

中文翻译：

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抗棒/环抗体与慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染不同治疗方案的相关性

慢性丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 中与免疫相关的抗体和其他问题已得到广泛研究，尤其是非器官特异性抗核抗体。由于通过间接免疫荧光 (IIF) 进行聚乙二醇化 IFN-α (PEG-IFN)/利巴韦林 (RBV) 处理，经常观察到杆环 (RR) 抗体模式。我们评估了抗 RR 和 PEG-IFN/RBV 和/或直接作用抗病毒 (DAA) 方案在慢性 HCV 中的相关性。在 178 名患者（年龄 >18 岁）达到持续病毒学应答 (SVR) 后进行采样。患者根据治疗方案进行分组（第 1 组 [G1]：PEG-IFN/RBV [ n = 53]，第 2 组 [G2]：PEG-IFN/RBV 和 Telaprevir 或 Boceprevir [ n= 31]，第 3 组 [G3]：第二波和第三波 DAA，之前接受过 PEG-IFN/RBV（n = 38），第 4 组 [G4]：第二波和第三波 DAA [ n = 56] ）。通过IIF（Euroimmun AG）测试研究抗RR。总体而言，27 名 (15.16%) 患者为抗 RR 阳性并接受了 PEG-IFN/RBV。G1/2/3/4 (%) 的抗 RR 阳性数分别为 16/3/8/0 (30.2/9.6/21/0) ( p  < .001)。G1/2/3 的抗 RR 阳性率为 22.13% (27/122, p  = .088 )。在首次治疗后未达到 SVR 的 G1/2/3 患者中，抗 RR 阳性率为 17.5% (11/63)。在 G1/2 第一次治疗后获得 SVR 的患者中，该比率为 27.1% (16/59)，并且这两个分类组之间的抗体滴度没有差异。p  = .915）。在 SVR 后 172 个月内检测到抗 RR。总之，在接受 PEG-IFN/RBV 治疗的患者中，抗 RR 阳性率很高。在患者随访期间需要频繁监测以获得更多关于抗 RR 滴度、治疗方案和 SVR 之间关系的数据。