The monotypic genus of land planarians Timyma (Rhynchodeminae, Geoplanidae) has been suggested to be a relict that could reflect a pre-Tertiary Antarctic connection between South America and Australia and New Zealand. Two species belonging to this genus, Timyma juliae E. M. Froehlich, 1978 and Timyma olmuensis Almeida & Carbayo sp. n., are (re)described herein. Both species present ventral testes and a semilunate headplate, the same as the members of the Oriental subfamily Bipaliinae. Timyma olmuensis Almeida & Carbayo sp. n. is studied by means of an integrative approach. Two nuclear gene fragments (28S, EF) and a mitochondrial gene fragment (COI) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses pointed out that Timyma is the sister–group of the Neotropical Geoplaninae and is phylogenetically distant from Bipaliinae, contradicting the hypothesis of Timyma as a South American relict of a Gondwanan taxon. These results indicate that the headplate evolved independently in Timyma and Bipaliinae. Morphological data reinforce this view. Accordingly, Timyminae subfam. n. is proposed for Timyma and a new diagnosis for the genus is proposed.

中文翻译：

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趋同进化：类似bipaliin的智利陆地涡虫（platyhelminthes）的一个新亚科

陆地涡虫属Timyma（Rhynchodeminae，Geoplanidae）的单型属被认为是可以反映南美洲与澳大利亚和新西兰之间的前第三纪南极联系的遗迹。属于该属的两个物种，Timyma juliae EM Froehlich，1978 和Timyma olmuensis Almeida & Carbayo sp。n.，在此（重新）描述。两个物种都具有腹侧睾丸和半月状的头板，与东方亚科 Bipaliinae 的成员相同。Timyma olmuensis Almeida & Carbayo sp. n. 是通过综合方法研究的。对两个核基因片段（28S，EF）和一个线粒体基因片段（COI）进行了测序。系统发育分析指出，Timyma是 Neotropical Geoplaninae 的姐妹群，在系统发育上与 Bipaliinae 相距甚远，这与Timyma作为冈瓦纳分类群的南美遗迹的假设相矛盾。这些结果表明顶板在Timyma和 Bipaliinae 中独立进化。形态学数据强化了这一观点。因此，Timyminae subfam。n. 为Timyma提出了 ，并提出了对该属的新诊断。