Group members reject threatening outgroup criticism compared to the same criticism from the ingroup (intergroup sensitivity effect [ISE]). Uninvolved bystanders (i.e., members of third groups) also view intergroup criticism as inappropriate. Classic ISE studies were largely underpowered, used inconsequential self-reports, and no study has observed behavioural responses of bystanders versus ingroup members. We argued that norms may elicit self-report responses but only social identity concerns of highly identified ingroup members should motivate costly behaviour. Contrary to our prediction, a high-powered and pre-registered 2 (Source: same-group vs. outgroup) × 2 (Target: ingroup vs. uninvolved outgroup) experiment revealed a classic ISE and an even larger bystander ISE in self-reports and behaviour, favouring a norm account. Moreover, a target effect emerged such that people were more sensitive to criticism targeting an outgroup than their ingroup. Identity thus had an impact, but not in line with social identity theory, highlighting the need for theoretical integration.

中文翻译：

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解开群体间敏感性效应：捍卫内群体还是执行一般规范？

与来自内部群体的相同批评相比，群体成员拒绝具有威胁性的外部群体批评（群体间敏感性效应[伊势]）。不参与的旁观者（即第三群体的成员）也认为群体间的批评是不恰当的。经典的 ISE 研究在很大程度上缺乏动力，使用无关紧要的自我报告，并且没有研究观察到旁观者与内群体成员的行为反应。我们认为，规范可能会引起自我报告的反应，但只有高度认同的内群体成员的社会认同问题才能激发代价高昂的行为。与我们的预测相反，一个高性能和预先注册的 2（来源：同组​​与外群）×2（目标：内群与未参与的外群）实验在自我报告中揭示了一个经典的 ISE 和一个更大的旁观者 ISE和行为，有利于规范账户。此外，出现了一种目标效应，即人们对针对外群体的批评比对内群体的批评更敏感。