Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the serum of the general US population. Food, drinking water, consumer products, dust, and air have been assessed as PFAS exposure sources for humans. The effects of various types of carpeting on serum PFAS concentrations have been less studied, despite the known use of PFAS in stain-resistant carpet treatments.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the associations between serum PFAS concentrations and type of residential flooring among the general US population aged 12 years and older using the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

We used multiple linear regressions adjusted for complex survey design and relevant covariates to analyze the relations between serum PFAS concentrations and type of floor covering (smooth surface, low pile carpet, medium to high pile carpet, and combination of carpet and smooth surface), as well as other potential exposure factors. We used multiple imputation to address missing values.

Results

We found significantly higher serum concentrations of perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (MeFOSAA) in US residents residing in homes with low pile carpeting compared with those residing in homes with smooth surface. We concluded that among US residents aged 12 years and older residing in homes with low pile carpeting in the home in 2005–2006, on average 24% and 19% of the PFHxS and MeFOSAA body burdens, respectively, could be attributed to carpeting. We found associations between other types of floor covering (medium to high pile carpet, combination of carpet and smooth surface) and some PFAS concentrations compared with the smooth surface, but these results were less consistent and generally not statistically significant. Additionally, a group Wald Chi-squared test showed a significant result for PFOS, indicating different contributions of various types of flooring to PFOS serum concentration.

Significance

Our results are representative of the general US population at the time of the survey, and potentially informative regarding ongoing PFAS exposure from a variety of sources including carpeting.

中文翻译：

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2005-2006 年，家庭低绒地毯的使用与血清 PFAS 浓度升高相关

 背景

全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 在美国普通人群的血清中普遍存在。食品、饮用水、消费品、灰尘和空气已被评估为人类 PFAS 暴露源。尽管 PFAS 已知用于防污地毯处理，但各种类型的地毯对血清 PFAS 浓度的影响研究较少。

 客观的

本研究旨在利用 2005-2006 年国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 调查美国 12 岁及以上普通人群血清 PFAS 浓度与住宅地板类型之间的关联。

 方法

我们使用针对复杂调查设计和相关协变量进行调整的多元线性回归来分析血清 PFAS 浓度与地板覆盖物类型（光滑表面、低绒毛地毯、中到高绒毛地毯以及地毯和光滑表面的组合）之间的关系，如以及其他潜在的暴露因素。我们使用多重插补来解决缺失值。

 结果

我们发现，与居住在光滑表面的家庭中的居民相比，居住在低绒地毯家庭中的美国居民的全氟己烷磺酸 (PFHxS) 和 2-( N-甲基-全氟辛基磺酰胺基) 乙酸 (MeFOSAA) 血清浓度显着升高。我们得出的结论是，在 2005 年至 2006 年居住在铺有低绒地毯的房屋中的 12 岁及以上美国居民中，平均 24% 和 19% 的 PFHxS 和 MeFOSAA 身体负担可归因于地毯。我们发现，与光滑表面相比，其他类型的地板覆盖物（中高绒地毯、地毯和光滑表面的组合）与某些 PFAS 浓度之间存在关联，但这些结果不太一致，通常不具有统计显着性。此外，群体 Wald 卡方检验显示 PFOS 的结果显着，表明不同类型的地板对 PFOS 血清浓度的贡献不同。

 意义

我们的结果代表了调查时的美国普通人口，并且可能提供有关地毯等各种来源持续接触 PFAS 的信息。