CONTEXT

The Northwestern uplands of Cambodia underwent a massive land conversion from forest to agriculture over the last 15 years.

OBJECTIVE

Our study conducted in Rotonak Mondol District, Battambang Province aimed at understanding farm diversity, trajectory, performance and capacity to innovate in order to identify effective interventions in a rapidly changing pioneer front.

METHODS

Based on a survey of 365 randomly selected households, we identified 4 main farm types by a combination of Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. The survey was complemented with detailed analyses of resource use, labor management, economic productivity and adoption of innovative practices on 95 households.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The livelihood of Paddy Farms (20%) is centered on a rice-cattle combination with off-farm activities and annual upland crop farming providing cash income. The Large Farms (20%) specialize in intensive and mechanized upland crops, including orchards. The Small Farms (25%) have a diverse activity portfolio including paddy, annual upland crops, and off-farm activities. The livelihood of the Off-Farm type (35%) is largely based on low-income off-farm activities. We identified the time of arrival, initial cash and labor, relationship with local authorities, and/or social connections as key factors determining farm structures and livelihoods. This, in turn, determined farm capacities to accumulate resources during the maize boom that occurred in this region between 2006 and 2011. Based on our analysis of farm diversity, we identified interventions suitable to each farm type and opportunities for on-farm innovation through risk buffering mechanisms and strengthening of social organizations.

SIGNIFICANCE

Like in other pioneer fronts beyond our case study in Cambodia, a reorganization of the agricultural systems is required to support the shift from essentially individualistic behaviors to more concerted actions. The emergence of new institutions, such as farmer groups and cooperatives, can build upon the specific capacity and needs of the different types of farming systems to innovate.

中文翻译：

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农民的资源end赋和风险管理影响柬埔寨西北高地的农业实践和创新能力

语境

在过去的15年中，柬埔寨的西北高地经历了从森林到农业的大规模土地转换。

目的

我们在马德望省罗顿纳克·蒙多尔区进行的研究旨在了解农场的多样性，发展轨迹，绩效和创新能力，以便在迅速变化的开拓者领域确定有效的干预措施。

方法

在对365个随机选择的家庭进行的调查的基础上，我们通过主成分分析和聚类分析相结合，确定了4种主要农场类型。该调查辅以对95个家庭的资源使用，劳动管理，经济生产率和采用创新做法的详细分析。

结果与结论

Paddy Farms（20％）的生计集中在稻米牛，农场外活动和每年提供现金收入的旱地农作物上。大型农场（占20％）专门从事集约化和机械化旱作作物，包括果园。小型农场（25％）的活动范围很广，包括水稻，一年生高地作物和非农场活动。非农业类型的生计（35％）主要基于低收入非农业活动。我们确定到达的时间，最初的现金和劳动力，与地方当局的关系和/或社会关系是决定农场结构和生计的关键因素。反过来，这又确定了该农场在2006年至2011年间该地区发生的玉米热潮期间积累资源的能力。根据我们对农场多样性的分析，

意义

与我们在柬埔寨的案例研究之外的其他先驱前沿一样，需要对农业系统进行重组，以支持从本质上个人主义的行为向更加一致的行为的转变。诸如农民团体和合作社之类的新机构的出现可以建立在不同类型耕作制度创新的特殊能力和需求之上。