Agricultural Systems ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103097 Kévin Tougeron 1 , Thierry Hance 1
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CONTEXT
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has affected global agricultural chains and intensified the issue of food insecurity worldwide.
OBJECTIVE
We propose a short retrospective of the reported effects of the COVID-19 pandemic from its beginning in March 2020 in Europe, on orchard management and harvest, sales and agricultural chains, monitoring and research in orchards, and we expose some of the solutions undertaken to tackle down these issues.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
In Europe, the fruit and vegetable sector has been affected by the pandemic in terms of production, distribution, and disturbance in market performance. Concerning apple, the most harvested and exported fruit in Europe, national governments, European institutions, the industry and producers have undertaken actions to ensure production and supply demand. Yet, stakeholders have faced several difficulties and additional costs for growth and harvest, sales, but also monitoring and research. However, European Union demand for fresh apples has increased during the pandemic. In addition, apple harvest has started a couple of months after the end of the first lockdown in most countries, and European apple orchards are usually in more flexible smallholder or family farms. Finally, the fruit itself has relatively long shelf-life comparatively to other fruits. For these main reasons, we argue that the apple sector might be more resilient than other fruit sectors or other cultures, despite the negative effects of seasonal workforce shortage and unstable market. The apple sector may suffer more from side-effects such as increasing labor, distribution, and packaging costs, than from actual stock and production issues.
SIGNIFICANCE
The pandemic could be an opportunity to reconsider production modes and to innovate for the future of food production in different crop systems in Europe, including apple orchards.
中文翻译：
COVID-19 大流行对欧洲苹果园的影响
语境
由 SARS-CoV-2 病毒引起的 COVID-19 大流行影响了全球农业链，加剧了全球粮食不安全问题。
客观的
我们建议对自 2020 年 3 月在欧洲爆发以来所报告的新型冠状病毒肺炎 (COVID-19) 大流行对果园管理和收获、销售和农业链、果园监测和研究的影响进行简短回顾，并公开一些采取的解决方案解决这些问题。
结果与结论
在欧洲，果蔬行业在生产、流通、市场表现等方面均受到疫情影响。苹果是欧洲收获和出口最多的水果，各国政府、欧洲机构、行业和生产商已采取行动确保生产和供应需求。然而，利益相关者在生长和收获、销售以及监测和研究方面面临着一些困难和额外成本。然而，疫情期间欧盟对新鲜苹果的需求有所增加。此外，大多数国家在第一次封锁结束几个月后就开始了苹果收获，欧洲的苹果园通常位于更灵活的小农或家庭农场。最后，与其他水果相比，水果本身的保质期相对较长。出于这些主要原因，我们认为，尽管存在季节性劳动力短缺和市场不稳定的负面影响，但苹果行业可能比其他水果行业或其他文化更具弹性。苹果行业可能更多地受到劳动力、分销和包装成本增加等副作用的影响，而不是实际库存和生产问题。
意义
这次大流行可能是重新考虑生产模式并为欧洲不同作物系统（包括苹果园）粮食生产的未来进行创新的机会。
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