In this work, diagnostics and comparative analysis of microhollow cathode discharges with an open and covered external surface of the cathode in helium at atmospheric pressure were carried out. It is shown that by covering the external surface of the cathode, it is possible to achieve the effect when the current–voltage characteristics of the discharge grows in a wider range of discharge currents. Obviously, in this case, the negative glow (NG) plasma of the hollow cathode occupies a significant part of the discharge cell, as evidenced by the measurements carried out with the additional electrode. The electron temperature values determined from the I–U characteristic of the additional electrode are 0.3–0.4eV for a microhollow cathode discharge with a covered external surface, which indicates that the plasma of such discharge is similar to NG plasma of glow discharge. The fast parts of the second derivatives of the I–U characteristic of the additional measuring electrode demonstrate the detection of the spectra of fast electrons produced as a result of Penning ionization reactions. Moreover, by covering the external surface of the cathode, conditions are created under which the entire discharge volume is occupied by a NG plasma, which makes it possible to achieve a better resolution for recording the spectra of fast electrons.

在这项工作中，对大气压阴极放电在氦气中处于阴极的敞开且覆盖的氦气外表面进行了诊断和比较分析。结果表明，通过覆盖阴极的外表面，可以在较大的放电电流范围内增加放电电流-电压特性时达到这种效果。显然，在这种情况下，空心阴极的负辉光（NG）等离子体占据了放电室的很大一部分，这由附加电极进行的测量所证明。由I – U确定的电子温度值对于带有覆盖外表面的微空心阴极放电，附加电极的特性为0.3–0.4eV，这表明这种放电的等离子体类似于辉光放电的NG等离子体。附加测量电极的I – U特性的二阶导数的快速部分证明了对Penning电离反应产生的快速电子光谱的检测。而且，通过覆盖阴极的外表面，创造了这样的条件，在该条件下，整个放电体积被NG等离子体占据，这使得可以获得更好的分辨率来记录快速电子的光谱。