Review of Advances in Engineering Nanomaterial Adsorbents for Metal Removal and Recovery from Water: Synthesis and Microstructure Impacts,ACS ES&T Engineering

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Review of Advances in Engineering Nanomaterial Adsorbents for Metal Removal and Recovery from Water: Synthesis and Microstructure Impacts
ACS ES&T Engineering ( IF 7.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 , DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.0c00174
Jinming Luo _{1,

2} , Kaixing Fu _{1,

3} , Deyou Yu _{2,

4} , Kiril D. Hristovski ₅ , Paul Westerhoff ₆ , John C. Crittenden ₂

Affiliation

Adsorption is widely applied in both potable and municipal or industrial wastewater treatments process. Nanomaterial adsorbents (NAs) have emerged as efficient candidates to remove toxic metals from water. However, scalable application of NAs beyond bench-scale material discovery and translation to full scale deployment has been limited but essential to realize the potential NAs offer for environmental remediation. In this critical review, we summarize, discuss, and compare various NA synthesis methods and assess their scalability to supply materials for full-scale applications. Moreover, as the importance of the microstructure of nanomaterial itself has been recognized in recent years, we also scrutinize the effect of NAs structures including crystal facets, phases, and tunability of active sites (e.g., functional groups) on metal adsorption. The review concludes with prioritizing research needs that balance large-scale production costs and feasibility to produce desired properties of NAs at commercial scale quantities. Meanwhile, an NAs evaluation protocol (e.g., life cycle costing (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA)) should be established to test NAs at the material discovery stage that considers both adsorption capacity and mass transfer kinetics and perform long-term testing (e.g., recovery) of NA real applications.

中文翻译：

用于从水中去除和回收金属的工程纳米材料吸附剂的进展综述：合成和微观结构的影响

吸附被广泛应用于饮用水和市政或工业废水处理过程中。纳米材料吸附剂（NAs）已成为从水中去除有毒金属的有效候选物。但是，从实验室规模的材料发现和翻译到全面部署，NA的可扩展应用受到了限制，但对于实现NA潜在的环境修复功能来说是必不可少的。在这篇重要的评论中，我们总结，讨论和比较了各种NA合成方法，并评估了它们的可扩展性，以便为全面应用提供材料。此外，由于近年来已经认识到纳米材料本身的微观结构的重要性，因此我们还仔细研究了NAs结构（包括晶体面，相和活性位点（例如，官能团）的可调性）对金属吸附的影响。审查以优先考虑研究需求而结束，这些研究需求平衡了大规模生产成本和以商业规模生产NA所需特性的可行性。同时，应建立NAs评估协议（例如，生命周期成本（LCC）和生命周期评估（LCA））以在材料发现阶段测试NA，同时考虑吸附能力和传质动力学并进行长期测试（ NA实际应用程序（例如，恢复）。

更新日期：2021-01-08

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