Objective. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate existing literature on inflammatory markers in CSF from patients with hydrocephalus and identify potential markers capable of promoting hydrocephalus development and progression. Methods. Relevant studies published before December 3^rd 2020 were identified from PubMed, Embase, and reference lists. Studies were screened for eligibility using the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from eligible studies were extracted, and sources of bias were evaluated. We included articles written in English investigating inflammatory markers in CSF from patients with hydrocephalus and control subjects. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by three independent reviewers. Results. Twenty-two studies analyzed CSF from 311 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), 178 with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), 151 with other hydrocephalus diagnoses, and 394 control subjects. Fifty-eight inflammatory markers were investigated. The CSF of iNPH patients had increased CSF levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and LRG compared with control subjects, whereas the CSF of PHH patients had increased levels of IL-6, IL-18, and VEGF. CSF from patients with “other hydrocephalus diagnoses” had elevated IFN-γ compared to control subjects, and VEGF was increased in congenital hydrocephalus, spina bifida, and hydrocephalus associated with tuberculous meningitis compared with controls. Conclusion. IL-6, IL-1β, LRG, IL-18, VEGF, and IFN-γ are elevated in CSF from patients with hydrocephalus and may be involved in promotion of hydrocephalus development and progression. They may serve as novel disease biomarkers, and their signaling pathways may represent targets for pharmacological management of hydrocephalus.

中文翻译：

---

脑积水患者脑脊液中的炎症标志物：系统文献综述


客观的。本系统评价的目的是评估有关脑积水患者脑脊液炎症标志物的现有文献，并确定能够促进脑积水发生和进展的潜在标志物。方法。 2020 年 12 月 3^日之前发表的相关研究来自 PubMed、Embase 和参考文献列表。使用预定义的纳入和排除标准筛选研究的资格。提取符合条件的研究的数据，并评估偏倚来源。我们纳入了用英文撰写的文章，调查脑积水患者和对照受试者脑脊液中的炎症标志物。该审查由三名独立审查员根据 PRISMA 指南进行。结果。 22 项研究分析了 311 名特发性正常压力脑积水 (iNPH) 患者、178 名出血后脑积水 (PHH) 患者、151 名其他脑积水诊断患者和 394 名对照受试者的脑脊液。研究了五十八种炎症标记物。与对照组相比，iNPH患者脑脊液中IL-6、IL- 1β和LRG水平升高，而PHH患者脑脊液中IL-6、IL-18和VEGF水平升高。与对照组相比，“其他脑积水诊断”患者的脑脊液中 IFN- γ升高，与对照组相比，先天性脑积水、脊柱裂和结核性脑膜炎相关脑积水的 VEGF 升高。结论。脑积水患者脑脊液中 IL-6、IL- 1β 、LRG、IL-18、VEGF 和 IFN- γ升高，可能参与促进脑积水的发生和进展。 它们可能作为新的疾病生物标志物，它们的信号通路可能代表脑积水药物治疗的靶标。