Comprehensive reviews and large population-based cohort studies have played an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatitis and its sequelae. The incidence and mortality of pancreatitis have been reduced significantly due to substantial advancements in the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinically effective treatments. The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify cell-to-cell communication in diseases such as pancreatitis. Exosomes are a subset of EVs with an average diameter of 50~150 nm. Their diverse and unique constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which can be transferred to trigger phenotypic changes of recipient cells. In recent years, many reports have indicated the role of EVs in pancreatitis, including acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and autoimmune pancreatitis, suggesting their potential influence on the development and progression of pancreatitis. Plasma exosomes of acute pancreatitis can effectively reach the alveolar cavity and activate alveolar macrophages to cause acute lung injury. Furthermore, upregulated exosomal miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for acute pancreatitis. Here, we summarized the current understanding of EVs in pancreatitis with an emphasis on their biological roles and their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents for this disease.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡与胰腺炎：机制、现状和前景


综合评价和大规模人群队列研究在胰腺炎及其后遗症的诊断和治疗中发挥了重要作用。由于病理生理机制和临床有效治疗方法的重大进步，胰腺炎的发病率和死亡率已显着降低。细胞外囊泡（EV）的研究有可能识别胰腺炎等疾病中的细胞间通讯。外泌体是 EV 的一个子集，平均直径为 50~150 nm。它们多样化且独特的成分包括核酸、蛋白质和脂质，这些成分可以被转移以触发受体细胞的表型变化。近年来，许多报道指出EVs在胰腺炎（包括急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎和自身免疫性胰腺炎）中的作用，提示其对胰腺炎发生和发展的潜在影响。急性胰腺炎血浆外泌体可有效到达肺泡腔并激活肺泡巨噬细胞引起急性肺损伤。此外，上调的外泌体 miRNA 可用作急性胰腺炎的生物标志物。在这里，我们总结了目前对胰腺炎中 EV 的认识，重点介绍了它们的生物学作用以及它们作为该疾病的诊断生物标志物和治疗剂的潜在用途。