Abstract

The diversity and abundance of native bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) are important in providing pollination services to a diverse array of crops. An extensive literature base is available on the contributions of bees as crop pollinators. The focus of the majority of these studies are on honey bees (Apis spp.) pollinating crops that depend on cross-pollination to produce a yield. Self-pollinating crop species, including cotton, soybeans, coffee, and canola, can self-pollinate but there is increasing evidence that they can also benefit from cross-pollination by insects. These crops can see a considerable benefit when visited by bees in general, but contradictory evidence is not fully understood in some systems. For example, recent studies have shown that bee visitation to cotton blooms can increase yield up to 15%. Including nesting habitat for non-Apis bees within soybean dominated landscapes increases in-field yields. However, in these same systems, some studies show none or minimal yield increases. Additional literature (both recent and historical) of non-Apis bees in mass-flowering self-pollinating crops and their potential benefits to the crops also exists but is previously unsynthesized in cotton and soybeans in particular. In our review of literature on these select self-pollinating crops, there appears to be apparent gaps in the literature base on these and other understudied cropping systems. With the exception of graminaceous and cereal crops, all the crops discussed herein seem to have all have benefited from visitation by both Apis and non-Apis bees. Some provide known resource benefits to native bee pollinators like canola, but others like cotton and soybean are not well understood. Further, with an apparent yet small literature base in cotton and soybean there are many facets between the native bee pollinators and crop such as nutritional benefits of nectar and pollen to the bees themselves that still need to be addressed. To examine these underlying mechanisms, additional studies into the basic biology and natural history, including nesting habitats and preferences along with foraging preferences of abundant bee species will help understand how these bees seem to persist and possibly thrive in intensified agricultural systems.

中文翻译：

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非Apis蜜蜂的授粉及其自花授粉作物的潜在效益

抽象的

本地蜜蜂（膜翅目：Anthophila）的多样性和丰富性在为多种农作物提供授粉服务中很重要。关于蜜蜂作为农作物授粉媒介的贡献，已有广泛的文献基础。这些研究大多数集中在蜜蜂（蜜蜂）上。spp。）给依赖异花授粉的农作物授粉。自花授粉的农作物物种，包括棉花，大豆，咖啡和低芥酸菜子，都可以自花授粉，但是越来越多的证据表明它们也可以从昆虫的异花授粉中受益。一般而言，当蜜蜂拜访这些作物时，它们会获得可观的收益，但是在某些系统中，矛盾的证据尚未得到充分理解。例如，最近的研究表明，蜜蜂参观棉花花可以使产量提高15％。在以大豆为主的景观中包括非Apis蜜蜂的筑巢栖息地，可提高田间单产。但是，在这些相同的系统中，一些研究显示单产没有增加或只有很少的增加。非Apis的其他文献（近期和历史文献）大量开花自花授粉作物中的蜜蜂及其对作物的潜在好处也存在，但以前在棉花和大豆中没有被合成。在我们对这些精选的自花授粉作物的文献综述中，基于这些和其他未被充分研究的种植系统，文献中似乎存在明显的差距。除禾本科和谷类作物外，本文讨论的所有作物似乎都受益于Apis和非Apis的造访蜜蜂。有些为油菜籽（例如低芥酸菜籽）等本地蜂传粉者提供了已知的资源优势，但其他人（如棉花和大豆）则知之甚少。此外，由于棉花和大豆的文献基础尚少，但本地蜜蜂授粉者和农作物之间存在许多方面，例如花蜜和花粉对蜜蜂本身的营养益处，仍然需要解决。为了检查这些潜在的机制，对基本生物学和自然历史的其他研究（包括筑巢栖息地和偏好以及丰富蜜蜂物种的觅食偏好）将有助于了解这些蜜蜂在集约化农业系统中如何持续存在并可能繁衍生息。