We utilize insights from previous qualitative research to explore fathering among immigrant fathers from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras (the Northern Triangle of Central America). We present a conceptual model of transnational fathering practices in order expand beyond common cultural frameworks that are used to examine within-group differences for Latino fathers. We describe four key practices of transnational fathering: (1) negotiation of illegality, (2) providing from the shadows, (3) maintenance of transnational family networks, and (4) communication with mobile families via information technology. This model can expand our understanding of and practice with immigrant and refugee families who live between and within multiple national borders.

中文翻译：

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北三角移民家庭的家庭分离和跨国父亲做法

我们利用先前定性研究的见解来探讨萨尔瓦多、危地马拉和洪都拉斯（中美洲北部三角区）的移民父亲之间的父亲关系。我们提出了一个跨国父亲实践的概念模型，以扩展到用于检查拉丁裔父亲群体内差异的共同文化框架之外。我们描述了跨国父亲的四个关键实践：（1）非法谈判，（2）从阴影中提供，（3）跨国家庭网络的维护，以及（4）通过信息技术与流动家庭的沟通。这种模式可以扩大我们对居住在多个国家边界之间和内部的移民和难民家庭的理解和实践。