Background: Depression is defined as a psychiatric disorder characterized by depressed mood, lack of concentration, diminished energy, disturbed sleep, and low self-esteem. Depression is more prevalent in HIV/AIDS patients than the general population. There is no published study available that reveals the present status of depression among HIV patients in Pakistan. As such, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression among HIV/AIDS patients attending the HIV clinic of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from February to March 2019 in Lahore. Data were collected from 158 HIV/AIDS patients using a pretested, standardized, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Nonprobability convenience sampling was used to recruit the study participants. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the various factors associated with depression. AORs with 95% CIs were used to assess the magnitude of associations between depression and associated factors.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 35.03 years± 9.123. Prevalence of depression among HIV/AIDS patients was 32.2%. Living in a rural area (AOR 5.60, 95% CI 2.20, 14.15), fear of stigma and discrimination (AOR 3.505, 95% CI 1.364, 9.008), having worked abroad (AOR 3.017, 95% CI 1.134, 8.031), and history of substance abuse (AOR 4.147, 95% CI 1.673, 10.28) were significantly associated with depression.
Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among HIV/AIDS patients is very high in Pakistan. Therefore, it is suggested that guidelines formulated to screen and treat depression among HIV patients.



中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦拉合尔 HIV/AIDS 患者抑郁症的患病率和相关因素：横断面研究

背景：抑郁症被定义为一种以情绪低落、注意力不集中、精力下降、睡眠不安和自卑为特征的精神疾病。抑郁症在 HIV/AIDS 患者中比一般人群更普遍。没有发表的研究可以揭示巴基斯坦 HIV 患者抑郁症的现状。因此，本研究旨在确定在巴基斯坦拉合尔真纳医院 HIV 诊所就诊的 HIV/AIDS 患者中抑郁症的患病率和相关因素。
方法：2019 年 2 月至 2019 年 3 月在拉合尔进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。使用预先测试的、标准化的、结构化的采访者管理的问卷从 158 名 HIV/AIDS 患者中收集数据。非概率便利抽样用于招募研究参与者。使用患者健康问卷评估抑郁症。SPSS 版本 23 用于分析数据。二元逻辑回归模型用于确定与抑郁症相关的各种因素。具有 95% CI 的 AOR 用于评估抑郁症与相关因素之间的关联程度。
结果：研究参与者的平均年龄为 35.03 岁 ± 9.123。HIV/AIDS患者的抑郁症患病率为32.2%。生活在农村地区（AOR 5.60, 95% CI 2.20, 14.15），害怕污名和歧视（AOR 3.505, 95% CI 1.364, 9.008），曾在国外工作过（AOR 3.017, 95% CI 1.134, 8.031），以及药物滥用史（AOR 4.147, 95% CI 1.673, 10.28）与抑郁症显着相关。
结论：巴基​​斯坦 HIV/AIDS 患者的抑郁症患病率非常高。因此，建议制定指南来筛查和治疗 HIV 患者的抑郁症。