This research analyzes the effectiveness of the list experiment and crosswise model in measuring self-plagiarism and data manipulation. Both methods were implemented in a large-scale survey of academics on social norms and academic misconduct. As the results lend little confidence about the effectiveness of the methods, researchers are best advised to avoid them or, at best, to handle them with care.

中文翻译：

---

谨慎处理：在学术不端行为的大规模调查中实施列表实验和交叉模型

这项研究分析了列表实验和横向模型在测量自-和数据操纵中的有效性。两种方法均在关于社会规范和学术不端行为的学者的大规模调查中实施。由于结果对方法的有效性缺乏信心，因此建议研究人员避免使用这些方法，或者最好谨慎处理。