Using written texts elicited from students with different proficiency levels, we studied the acquisition of nominal cases in Russian as a second language. We established the order in which cases were acquired (nominative, locative, accusative, genitive, instrumental, and dative), as well as certain characteristics of their acquisition trajectories. We argue that the order of acquisition is determined by two groups of factors: how essential a given case is for successful language use and how complex it is, both semantically and morphologically. Many important differences between first and second language acquisition were identified. The maturation of the case system was observed both in the number of correct forms participants produced and in error rates. The distribution of correct forms changed, gradually approaching that found for native speakers. With growth in proficiency, the incidence of different error types declined, and the relative frequency of errors more characteristic of first language acquisition increased.

我们使用来自不同水平的学生的书面文字，研究了俄语作为第二语言的名词性案例的习得情况。我们确定了案例的获取顺序（主格，定格，宾格，宾格，和物，和格）以及它们的获取轨迹的某些特征。我们认为，习得的顺序是由两类因素决定的：给定案例对于成功使用语言的必要性以及语义和词法上的复杂性。在第一语言和第二语言习得之间发现了许多重要差异。案例系统的成熟度在参与者生成的正确表格的数量和错误率方面都得到了观察。正确表格的分配发生了变化，逐渐接近以母语为母语的人所能找到的水平。随着熟练程度的提高，不同错误类型的发生率下降，而且母语习得更多的错误相对频率增加。