In this study, the author proposes a new carbon taxing policy. This proposed carbon tax has two tax components. The first component is constant, and the second component depends on the green efficiency of production. The green efficiency of production is measured by the average amount of emissions per unit production in an assessment year. The green efficiency-based tax component can be reset every year. Lesser average emission rate indicates better green efficiency. The second component of this proposed carbon tax forces the firm to improve the green efficiency of production, which results in cleaner production. The author incorporates this new carbon tax policy in a production-inventory system with a price-sensitive demand rate. A rule is provided for the implementation of this new tax. Emissions during setup, production, and storage are considered as independent random variables. The firm has the opportunity of investing in green technologies to improve green efficiency. A profit maximization policy is adopted to solve the developed model. A solution algorithm is also provided. The model is illustrated by numerical examples with randomly generated model parameters. The results of numerical examples show the environmental benefits of the proposed carbon tax.

中文翻译：

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一种基于绿色效率的新碳税政策及其对碳排放随机和绿色投资的生产－库存系统的影响

在这项研究中，作者提出了一种新的碳税政策。拟议的碳税包含两个税项。第一个成分是恒定的，第二个成分取决于生产的绿色效率。绿色生产效率通过一个评估年度中每单位生产的平均排放量来衡量。每年可以重置基于绿色效率的税项。平均排放率越低表明绿色效率越高。拟议的碳税的第二部分迫使企业提高绿色生产效率，从而实现清洁生产。作者将这种新的碳税政策纳入了对价格敏感的需求率的生产库存系统中。提供了实施此新税的规则。安装，生产过程中的排放 和存储被认为是独立的随机变量。该公司有机会投资绿色技术以提高绿色效率。采用利润最大化策略来解决所开发的模型。还提供了一种求解算法。通过带有随机生成的模型参数的数值示例来说明模型。数值示例的结果表明了拟议碳税的环境效益。