Chronic pain, encompassing conditions, such as low back pain, arthritis, persistent post-surgical pain, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain disorders, is highly prevalent but remains poorly treated. The vast majority of therapeutics are directed solely at neurons, despite the fact that signaling between immune cells, glia, and neurons is now recognized as indispensable for the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain. This review highlights recent advances in understanding fundamental neuroimmune signaling mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets in rodent models of chronic pain. We further discuss new technological developments to study, diagnose, and quantify neuroimmune contributions to chronic pain in patient populations.

慢性疼痛，包括腰痛、关节炎、持续性手术后疼痛、纤维肌痛和神经性疼痛障碍等病症，非常普遍，但治疗效果不佳。尽管免疫细胞、神经胶质和神经元之间的信号传导现在被认为是引发和维持慢性疼痛所必需的，但绝大多数治疗仅针对神经元。本综述重点介绍了在慢性疼痛啮齿动物模型中了解基本神经免疫信号传导机制和新治疗靶点的最新进展。我们进一步讨论了研究、诊断和量化神经免疫对患者群体慢性疼痛的贡献的新技术发展。