Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer, which are the leading causes of mortality globally, have been viewed as two distinct diseases. However, the fact that cancer and CVDs may coincide has been noted by cardiologists when taking care of patients with CVDs caused by cancer chemotherapy; this entity is designated cardio-oncology. More recently, patients with CVDs have also been found to have increased risk of cancers, termed reverse cardio-oncology. Although reverse cardio-oncology has been highlighted as an important disease state in recent studies, how the diseased heart affects cancer and the potential mediators of the crosstalk between CVDs and cancer are largely unknown. Here, we focus on the roles of cardiac-specific microRNA-208a (miR-208a) in cardiac and cancer biology and explore its essential roles in reverse cardio-oncology. Accumulating evidence has shown that within the heart, increased miR-208a promotes myocardial injury, arrhythmia, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction and that secreted miR-208a in the circulation may have novel roles in promoting tumor proliferation and invasion. This review, therefore, provides insights into the novel roles of miR-208a in reverse cardio-oncology and strategies to prevent secondary carcinogenesis in patients with early- or late-stage heart failure.

中文翻译：

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microRNA-208a 在心脏病学和逆向心脏肿瘤学中的新作用

心血管疾病（CVD）和癌症是全球死亡的主要原因，一直被视为两种不同的疾病。然而，心脏病专家在治疗癌症化疗引起的 CVD 患者时已经注意到癌症和 CVD 可能同时发生的事实；该实体被指定为心脏肿瘤学。最近，还发现患有心血管疾病的患者患癌症的风险增加，这被称为反向心脏肿瘤学。尽管在最近的研究中，逆向心脏肿瘤学已被强调为一种重要的疾病状态，但患病的心脏如何影响癌症以及心血管疾病和癌症之间的潜在介导因素在很大程度上尚不清楚。在这里，我们重点关注心脏特异性 microRNA-208a ( miR-208a ) 在心脏和癌症生物学中的作用，并探讨其在反向心脏肿瘤学中的重要作用。越来越多的证据表明，在心脏内，miR-208a的增加会促进心肌损伤、心律失常、心脏重塑和功能障碍，并且循环中分泌的miR-208a可能在促进肿瘤增殖和侵袭方面具有新的作用。因此，本综述深入探讨了miR-208a在逆转心脏肿瘤学中的新作用，以及预防早期或晚期心力衰竭患者继发癌发生的策略。