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Shade‐growing practices lessen the impact of coffee plantations on multiple dimensions of ant diversity
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13842 J. Ibarra‐Isassi 1, 2 , I.T. Handa 2, 3 , A. Arenas‐Clavijo 4 , S. Escobar‐Ramírez 5 , I. Armbrecht 4 , J.‐P. Lessard 1, 2
中文翻译：
遮荫法减少了咖啡种植园对蚂蚁多样性的多重影响
更新日期：2021-02-03
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13842 J. Ibarra‐Isassi 1, 2 , I.T. Handa 2, 3 , A. Arenas‐Clavijo 4 , S. Escobar‐Ramírez 5 , I. Armbrecht 4 , J.‐P. Lessard 1, 2
Affiliation
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- Land use management influence changes in biodiversity beyond the targeted species. Management practices in coffee plantations have shifted from coffee growing below accompanying (shade) trees, to intensified monocultures in which coffee grows fully exposed to the sun. Anthropogenic disturbance causes changes in species composition relative to adjacent natural patches and reduces their biotic heterogeneity. Here, we assessed the impact of coffee plantation management practices on the taxonomical, phylogenetic and functional composition of ant communities, an ecologically dominant group and crucial biological pest controller in these agroecosystems. We hypothesized that shade‐grown coffee plantations would harbour ant communities similar to those of nearby forest patches, but dissimilar to those of intensified monocultures.
- We surveyed ant diversity in eight shade‐grown coffee farms, eight intensive coffee monocultures and eight forest patches. We used a combination of active and passive sampling methods over two field campaigns spanning 6 months.
- Our results support our hypothesis for all diversity dimensions. Additionally, ant communities in intensified monocultures were taxonomically and functionally, but not phylogenetically, more homogeneous than those found in forest patches and shade‐grown plantations.
- Synthesis and applications. Our findings support the idea that practices in shade‐grown coffee plantations buffer the impoverishment of multiple diversity dimensions after forest conversion. Additionally, we identified that leaf‐litter depth and number of twigs mitigate ant diversity loss which, in turn, can favour the presence of potential biocontrol agents. By assessing and integrating multiple biodiversity dimensions into management strategies, farmers and interested parties can minimize future biodiversity and ecosystem service loss.
中文翻译：
遮荫法减少了咖啡种植园对蚂蚁多样性的多重影响
- 土地利用管理影响目标物种以外的生物多样性变化。咖啡种植园的管理方式已经从咖啡从陪伴（遮荫）树下生长到集约化单一栽培，使咖啡生长完全暴露在阳光下。人为干扰会导致物种组成相对于相邻自然斑块发生变化，并降低其生物异质性。在这里，我们评估了咖啡种植园管理实践对这些农业生态系统中蚂蚁群落，生态优势种群和关键生物害虫控制者的分类，系统发育和功能组成的影响。我们假设，在阴凉处种植咖啡的种植园将拥有与附近森林斑块相似的蚂蚁群落，但与集约化单一栽培的蚂蚁群落却不相似。
- 我们调查了八个阴影生长的咖啡农场，八种集约化咖啡种植和八个森林斑块中的蚂蚁多样性。我们在六个月的两个野外活动中使用了主动和被动采样方法的组合。
- 我们的结果支持我们对所有多样性维度的假设。此外，集约化单一栽培中的蚂蚁群落在分类学和功能上（但在系统发育上不是），比在森林斑块和遮荫的人工林中发现的更为均匀。
- 综合与应用。我们的发现支持这样的想法，即在阴暗种植的咖啡种植园中的做法可以缓解森林转换后多种多样性维度的贫困。此外，我们发现叶子凋落物的深度和树枝的数量可以减轻蚂蚁多样性的损失，从而有利于潜在的生物防治剂的存在。通过评估生物多样性的多个方面并将其纳入管理策略，农民和有关方面可以最大程度地减少未来的生物多样性和生态系统服务的损失。
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