The many risks associated with opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) have led to questions about use. This is particularly relevant for risk of increased mortality. However, underlying medical conditions of those using opioids may influence mortality findings due to confounding by indication. Similarly, non-opioid analgesics are also associated with an increased risk of mortality, too.

中文翻译：

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与非阿片类镇痛药相比，阿片类药物治疗慢性非癌痛是否与更大的全因死亡风险相关？倾向评分匹配观察性研究的系统评价

与阿片类药物治疗慢性非癌痛 (CNCP) 相关的许多风险导致了有关使用的问题。这与死亡率增加的风险特别相关。然而，由于适应症的混淆，使用阿片类药物的人的潜在医疗状况可能会影响死亡率结果。同样，非阿片类镇痛药也与死亡风险增加有关。