Two NASA missions that will be launched in 2022 have spun renewed interest in hypervelocity impact of rocks and metals. This paper is focused in the prediction of the momentum enhancement effect, i.e. the extra momentum acquired by the target due to the ejecta flying off the target in the direction of the impactor. Predicting the momentum enhancement with simulations has been elusive, probably because the target material is rarely well characterized. This paper shows that, given a good knowledge of the properties of the target material and, by adding two essential pieces of the physics (strength of failed material and bulking after failure), the computer simulations can provide good predictions of the momentum enhancement for hypervelocity impact tests performed at Southwest Research Institute.

将于2022年启动的两次NASA任务引起了人们对岩石和金属超高速撞击的新兴趣。本文着重于对动量增强效果的预测，即由于射流沿冲击器的方向飞离目标而使目标获得的额外动量。用模拟来预测动量的增强是难以捉摸的，这可能是因为目标材料很少被很好地表征。本文表明，在充分了解目标材料的特性的基础上，通过添加两个基本物理原理（失效材料的强度和失效后的体积膨胀），计算机仿真可以很好地预测超高速运动的动量西南研究所进行的冲击试验。