With the increasing popularity of renewable energy sources and the globally increasing electricity demand, the task of balancing the intermittent energy supply with varying demand becomes increasingly difficult. Instead of adjusting the supply, improving the demand response (DR) can be a more efficient way to optimize power balance. HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) systems, which operate on the demand side of power-grids, have a huge potential to improve the power balance. To assess their potential in a variable air volume (VAV) air-conditioning system with energy storage tank we introduce a demand response method that combines active cool-energy storage (ACES) with global temperature adjustment (GTA). To confirm the effectiveness of this combined ACES+GTA approach, we conduct measurements with the help of a full-scale VAV air-conditioning test setup. The experimental results are compared with a TRNSYS simulation. The measurements indicate that an energy-storing water-tank can effectively reduce the number of starts and stops for the heat pump. The simulation confirms that the ACES+GTA method can also effectively reduce the peak load of the power grid with little impact on the thermal comfort of the energy consumers. The cost-saving rate, compared to the conventional operating mode (no energy-storage during other periods), reaches 7.02% for an entire cooling season if the GTA method (with DR) is used.

中文翻译：

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使用主动储能通过 HVAC 系统平衡电网的需求响应方法：仿真和现场实验

随着可再生能源的日益普及和全球电力需求的不断增加，平衡间歇性能源供应与变化需求的任务变得越来越困难。改善需求响应（DR）可以是优化电力平衡的更有效方法，而不是调整供应。HVAC（供暖、通风和空调）系统在电网需求侧运行，具有改善电力平衡的巨大潜力。为了评估它们在带有储能罐的变风量 (VAV) 空调系统中的潜力，我们引入了一种将主动冷能存储 (ACES) 与全局温度调节 (GTA) 相结合的需求响应方法。为了确认这种 ACES+GTA 组合方法的有效性，我们借助全尺寸 VAV 空调测试装置进行测量。实验结果与 TRNSYS 模拟进行了比较。测量表明，储能水箱可以有效减少热泵的启停次数。仿真证实，ACES+GTA方法也能有效降低电网峰值负荷，且对用能者的热舒适度影响较小。采用GTA方式（带DR），与传统运行方式（其他时段不储能）相比，整个制冷季的成本节省率可达7.02%。